Analysis of an Active Charge Balancing Method Based on a Single Nonisolated DC/DC Converter

Raeber, Manuel; Heinzelmann, Andreas; Abdeslam, Djaffar Ould

doi:10.1109/tie.2020.2972449

Cited by 38 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Aside from analyzing the system's energy transfer efficiency, assessments of the cellbalancing performance must weigh balancing proficiency as an additional vital metric. As discussed in [16], the balancing efficiency can be defined by the capacity loss and total capacity transferred during the balancing process, as shown in (1).…”

Section: Balancing Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Low-Cost and High-Efficiency Active Cell-Balancing Circuit for the Reuse of EV Batteries

Dinh,

Le,

Park

2024

Batteries

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In this paper, a high-efficiency and low-cost active cell-to-cell balancing circuit for the reuse of electric vehicle (EV) batteries is proposed. In the proposed method, a battery string is divided into two legs to transfer the charge from each cell in one leg to that in the other and a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter is used to transfer energy between the selected cells. Thanks to the proposed structure, the number of bidirectional switches and gate drivers can be reduced by half compared to the conventional direct cell-to-cell topologies, thereby achieving lower cost for the system. The CLLC converter is used to transfer the charge, and it is designed to work at resonant frequencies to achieve zero-voltage zero-current switching (ZVZCS) for all the switches and diodes. Consequently, the system’s efficiency can be enhanced, and hence, the fuel economy of the system can also be improved significantly. To verify the performance of the proposed active cell-balancing system, a prototype is implemented for balancing the three EV battery modules that contain twelve lithium-ion batteries from xEV. The maximum efficiency achieved for the charge transfer is 89.4%, and the balancing efficiency is 96.3%.

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Section: Balancing Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To cope with the problem mentioned above, many different kinds of cell-balancing methods have been introduced [16]. The passive-cell-balancing and battery-charge-controlwith-CCCV (constant current constant voltage) topology for Li-ion battery cells was introduced in [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost and High-Efficiency Active Cell-Balancing Circuit for the Reuse of EV Batteries

Dinh,

Le,

Park

2024

Batteries

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“…Te most prevalent types of active charge equalisation include capacitance-based, inductance-based, transformer-based, and DC-DC converter-based charge equalisation. Charge equalisation using a DC-DC converter has several advantages, including compact size, minimum equalisation time, high equalisation efciency, and low cost [17,18]. According to the available literature, this section will provide a comprehensive overview of various DC-DC converter topologies.…”

Section: Converter-based Battery Charge Equalisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Various Topologies and Control Techniques for DC-DC Converter-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Charge Equalization

Sugumaran

Prabha

2023

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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Worldwide, electric vehicle (EV) sales are booming nowadays due to the rapid increase in the cost of fossil fuels. Lithium-ion batteries are very familiar in the EV industry because of their high energy per unit mass relative to other electric energy storage systems. To obtain the required voltage, several lithium-ion batteries are connected serially. Due to manufacturing inconsistencies, the voltage of serially connected cells is not always equal, which might result in a charge imbalance. This imbalance may reduce the battery’s life span due to the action of undercharging and overcharging. Battery charge equalisation (BCE) is challenging because it requires a constant voltage level in each cell. Various topologies and control strategies have been proposed in the past literature to build and improve the BCE. This study extracts the recently proposed DC-DC converter-based topologies for BCE. This study then gives a comparative analysis of various control strategies used in BCE and ends with implementing control strategies with BCE topology using a DC-DC converter. This study incorporates contextualised topologies used by BCE with design, operation, and applications. Extensive simulation results are provided to compare the performance of DC-DC converter-based BCE topologies in balancing speed. Also, a comprehensive comparison of various converter topologies and control strategies has been carried out for future investigation.

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“…At present, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs), aerospace, and energy storage systems [1][2][3] because of their high energy density, high power density, lack of memory effect, low self-discharge, and long service life [4][5][6]. However, due to variations in manufacturing tolerances, operating temperatures, and aging levels, inevitable differences exist among cells in terms of electrical parameters such as internal resistance and capacity [7]. As the number of charge/discharge cycles increases, these differences also increase, resulting in inconsistency of cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Mode Lithium-Ion Battery Balancing Circuit Based on Forward Converter with Resonant Reset

Zong,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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A multi-mode active balancing circuit based on a forward converter with resonant reset is proposed to deal with unbalanced states of lithium-ion battery packs. The balancing circuit utilizes the forward converter, enabling high-power balancing. SPST relays are selected to constitute the switching matrix, and the proposed balancing circuit completes the connection of serial battery clusters to the main circuit by controlling the SPST relays, realizing the Multi-Cell-to-Multi-Cell (MC2MC) balancing method. An “adaptive selection mode based on the state of high energy battery” balancing strategy is proposed. The proposed balancing strategy allows the proposed balancing circuit to have multiple balancing modes, flexible balancing paths, and switching between different balancing processes in real time, significantly improving the balancing speed. The inherent LC resonant reset structure of the forward converter is employed to achieve MOSFET zero-voltage switching (ZVS). To optimize the balancing performance, the circuit model is built and the balancing parameters in the circuit are analyzed. An experiment with an eight-cell lithium-ion battery pack was performed to verify the balancing effect of the proposed circuit, and comparison with a typical balancing circuit was carried out. Experimental results show that the proposed balancing circuit has a faster balancing speed.

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Analysis of an Active Charge Balancing Method Based on a Single Nonisolated DC/DC Converter

Cited by 38 publications

References 36 publications

A Low-Cost and High-Efficiency Active Cell-Balancing Circuit for the Reuse of EV Batteries

A Low-Cost and High-Efficiency Active Cell-Balancing Circuit for the Reuse of EV Batteries

A Comprehensive Review of Various Topologies and Control Techniques for DC-DC Converter-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Charge Equalization

Multi-Mode Lithium-Ion Battery Balancing Circuit Based on Forward Converter with Resonant Reset

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