Analysis of antibiotic residues in raw and commercial milk in Punjab, India vis‐à‐vis human health risk assessment

Moudgil, Pallavi; Bedi, Jasbir Singh; Aulakh, Rabinder Singh; Gill, Jatinder Paul Singh

doi:10.1111/jfs.12643

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, in this study, less than 6% of our samples imposed a potential health risk to consumers. Such findings of so few milk samples exceeding the MRL have been reflected in other Indian studies [ 21 ]. Is it possible that the apportion of blame to small-scale dairy farmer as potential hubs of AMR emergence is exaggerated?…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Understanding Antibiotic Usage on Small-Scale Dairy Farms in the Indian States of Assam and Haryana Using a Mixed-Methods Approach—Outcomes and Challenges

et al. 2021

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The use and misuse of antibiotics in both humans and animals contributes to the global emergence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, a threat to public health and infection control. Currently, India is the world’s leading milk producer but antibiotic usage within the dairy sector is poorly regulated. Little data exists reflecting how antibiotics are used on dairy farms, especially on small-scale dairy farms in India. To address this lack of data, a study was carried out on 491 small-scale dairy farms in two Indian states, Assam and Haryana, using a mixed method approach where farmers were interviewed, farms inspected for the presence of antibiotics and milk samples taken to determine antibiotic usage. Usage of antibiotics on farms appeared low only 10% (95% CI 8–13%) of farmers surveyed confirmed using antibiotics in their dairy herds during the last 12 months. Of the farms surveyed, only 8% (6–11%) had milk samples positive for antibiotic residues, namely from the novobiocin, macrolides, and sulphonamide classes of antibiotics. Of the farmers surveyed, only 2% (0.8–3%) had heard of the term “withdrawal period” and 53% (40–65%) failed to describe the term “antibiotic”. While this study clearly highlights a lack of understanding of antibiotics among small-scale dairy farmers, a potential factor in the emergence of AMR bacteria, it also shows that antibiotic usage on these farms is low and that the possible role these farmers play in AMR emergence may be overestimated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Understanding Antibiotic Usage on Small-Scale Dairy Farms in the Indian States of Assam and Haryana Using a Mixed-Methods Approach—Outcomes and Challenges

et al. 2021

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“…Health risk estimations were conducted for the confirmed positive milk samples and it was less than one, so it is presumed that there were insignificant adverse impacts on the consumer health associated with the intake of the investigated samples. Comparable results were stated by Moudgil et al [ 41 ], who assessed the dietary exposure to residual antibiotics detected in raw and commercial milk samples in Punjab, India. The study stated no toxicological threat to consumers accompanying the intake of the examined milk samples concerning the antibiotics under study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Inspection of antimicrobial remains in bovine milk in Egypt and Saudi Arabia employing a bacteriological test kit and HPLC-MS/MS with estimation of risk to human health

et al. 2022

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Veterinary medicine uses antibiotics randomly for treatment and growth promotion. Milk of dairy animals contains substantial quantities of antibiotics that have harmful effects on health. It is therefore necessary to test commercially available milk using immunological, chromatographic, or microbiological methods to confirm the absence of antibiotic residues. This study aims to perform a microbiological test, followed by a quantitative confirmation analysis, on raw milk to assess the presence of antibiotic residues. Tests were conducted on 200 milk samples collected from markets and farms in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. The microbial inhibitor test (Delvotest SP-NT) revealed that 40 samples were positive for antibiotic residues. The positive samples were further tested using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as a confirmatory quantitative test for 29 antibiotics that belong to five groups: tetracyclines, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and lactamases. Only four samples tested positive for oxytetracycline residues above the maximum residue limit. Based on these results, researchers suggest a monitoring system that considers both microbial and HPLC-MS/MS methods when detecting antibiotic residues in bovine milk. The analysis of risk to human health revealed that antibiotic residues at the detected levels do not pose any health risks to consumers.

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“…Khanal et al (2018) in the analysis of 140 raw milk samples collected from different sources in Nepal (South Asia), they found residue of amoxicillin in 81% (68-802 µg/kg), sulfadimethoxin in 41% (31-69 µg/kg), penicillin G in 27% (13-353 µg/kg) and ampicillin in 12% by HPLC method. Moudgil et al (2019) in the analysis of 492 raw milk samples taken from farms in India, they detected antibiotic residues (enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, sulfametazole) in 78 samples (16%). The residue level was found above the limit value in 20 samples (4%) by HPLC method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Beta-lactam Group Antibiotics Residue in Raw Cow Milk in Sivas Province

ERCAN

Ağaoğlu

2022

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

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In this study, beta-lactam group antibiotic residues were investigated in raw cow's milk. For this purpose, a total of 86 raw milk samples were used as material. Samples were collected periodically from farms in various outlets and surrounding villages in the province of Sivas. Beta-lactam group antibiotic levels in raw cow's milk were determined by ELISA method with commercial test kit. According to the analysis results, beta-lactam levels were between 0.35-0.70 ng/mL in 64 (74.4%) and between 0.71-3.7 ng/mL in 22 samples (25.6%) determined of 86 raw cow milk samples. The residue levels detected in the samples are in accordance with the legal limits declared by the European Union (EU) commission and Turkish Food Codex Communique.

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Analysis of antibiotic residues in raw and commercial milk in Punjab, India vis‐à‐vis human health risk assessment

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Understanding Antibiotic Usage on Small-Scale Dairy Farms in the Indian States of Assam and Haryana Using a Mixed-Methods Approach—Outcomes and Challenges

Understanding Antibiotic Usage on Small-Scale Dairy Farms in the Indian States of Assam and Haryana Using a Mixed-Methods Approach—Outcomes and Challenges

Inspection of antimicrobial remains in bovine milk in Egypt and Saudi Arabia employing a bacteriological test kit and HPLC-MS/MS with estimation of risk to human health

Investigation of Beta-lactam Group Antibiotics Residue in Raw Cow Milk in Sivas Province

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