Analysis of Antimicrobial Medications Consumption in Inpatient Units at North West (Tabuk) Region Hospitals, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: This article aims to explore antimicrobial medication consumption and related cost among different age groups in inpatient units at North West Region Hospitals, Ministry of Health, and Saudi Arabia. Objectives: To explore the selected antimicrobial medication consumption in inpatient units at North West Region Hospitals, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. To increase the awareness of anti microbial medication consumption side effect. Methods: It is a 9month study about antimicrobial drug use by inpatients at North West region hospitals. It included inpatient department for adults, pediatrics and neonates. The medications were selected by Central Antibiotics committee at MOH as part of the National Antimicrobial Stewardship program. The consumption is driven from pharmacy database and calculated based on offstranded unit of antimicrobial per hospital. The antimicrobials consisted of antibacterial drugs, antifungal and antiviral medications. The cost of antimicrobial consumption was calculated by using Ministry of Health National Cost database. All cost used as US currency. Results: The total number of Antimicrobial standard units was (25,845) and average (5,169) per hospital. The highest drug consumption was Ceftriaxone 1 gm injection (3,712) followed by Ceftazidime 1 gm injection (1807) and Gentamicin IV 80 mg (1,011) at adult's inpatient wards. The total cost of Antimicrobial consumption was (6,829,003.42 USD) and (1,365,800.68 USD) per hospital. The highest cost medication consumption from Adults inpatient departments was 99.62% (6,803,229.92 USD) followed by pediatrics inpatient 0.24% (16,087.6 USD) and Neonatal inpatient departments 0.14% (9,685.9 USD). The highest medication cost was for very broadspectrum antibiotics like Meropenem, Imipenem and Ceftriaxone. It consumed more than 50% of the cost burden. Conclusion: There was very high consumption of antimicrobial drugs inpatient department with huge cost burden. Urgent application of antimicrobial stewardship program especially adults' inpatients departments is a mandate and urgent.

Infection Control Pharmacist: A New Initiative Project in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

“…[3][4][5] The infection control starting from use necessary infection control measures of hand wishing techniques, using sanitizer or chemical disinfectant and isolation of infected cases, or isolated of cities form to enter and outer from it [3][4][5] Besides, several studies showed resistance bugs locally and overall the world, [6][7][8][9][10] and high consumption of broad spectrum of antibiotics and increased economic burden at emergency, inpatient ward, critical care and ambulatory care services. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Moreover, the pharmacy services consisted of m preparation, distribution and dispensing parenteral or ophthalmic medications. Those pharmacy units need bright places and preparation of sterile products.…”

Pediatrics Standardized Concentration of Antibiotics Intravenous Infusion: A New Initiative in Saudi Arabia

“…Antibiotics are widely used locally and internationally. [1][2][3][4] There is a high consumption of antibiotics, which is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, especially in adult patients. Besides, antibiotics consumption was high in neonates and pediatrics.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Parental antibiotics most consumption at critical care and inpatient wards units, while the oral antibiotics are widely used at ambulatory care and emergency services. [1][2][3][4] The most antibiotics consumption was a very broad spectrum with the subsequent high economic burden on the healthcare system. [3,4] The parenteral antibiotics need preparation in multiple diluent solutions and various concentration based on local or international guidelines.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] The most antibiotics consumption was a very broad spectrum with the subsequent high economic burden on the healthcare system. [3,4] The parenteral antibiotics need preparation in multiple diluent solutions and various concentration based on local or international guidelines. As a result, the high workload of intravenous admixture preparations and properly-highly incidence of medication errors.…”

Adult Standardized Concentration of Antibiotics Intravenous Infusion: New Initiative in Saudi Arabia

“…[2,3] The both programs implemented to meet the high consumption of parenteral antibiotics with the high-cost burden on the healthcare system at. [4,5] The IV admixture program developed adult's medication dilution manual as guidelines for the preparation of parenteral medications and including antibiotics among them to prevent antibiotics related problems. [2] Beside, one of the essential factor to prevent antibiotics preparation errors for adults was the standardized antibiotics intravenous infusions.…”