Analysis of atmospheric concentrations of quinones and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vapour and particulate phases

Delgado-Saborit, Juana María; Alam, Mohammed S.; Pollitt, Krystal J. Godri; Stark, Christopher; Harrison, Roy M.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.080

Cited by 131 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The four-, five-, and six-ring PAHs predominated in PM 2.5 . The average annual contributions of PAHs with low (2-and 3-ring), median (4-ring), and high (greater than 4-ring) molecular weight to total PAH levels were 10.1%, 24.4%, and 65.5%, respectively, which is consistent with those reported by Delgado-Saborit et al (2013). The ability of the particles to carry PAH depends on their molecular weight and vapor pressure.…”

Section: Pah Mass Concentrations Of Pm 25 In Relation To Seasonal Chsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The ability of the particles to carry PAH depends on their molecular weight and vapor pressure. PAHs exhibiting high molecular weight and low vapor pressure exhibit an increased absorption rate in the particle phase (Delgado-Saborit et al, 2013). Furthermore, the high percentage of PAHs with a high molecular weight indicated that the predominant PAH sources were high-temperature processes, such as the combustion of fuels in engines (Tobiszewski and Namieśnik, 2012).…”

Section: Pah Mass Concentrations Of Pm 25 In Relation To Seasonal Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics, Sources, and Health Risks of Atmospheric PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hsinchu, Taiwan

Yang

Hsu

Chen

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigated PM 2.5 -bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in order to determine the seasonal changes in total benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) concentrations and to identify contamination sources by using a positive matrix factorization model, a conditional probability function, and characteristic ratios of PAHs in Hsinchu. The sampling period was from September 2014 to August 2015. PM 2.5 samplers equipped with 47-mm quartz membrane filters were operated at a flow rate of 16.7 L min -1 for 48 h. The concentrations of 20 PAHs were determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results revealed the PM 2.5 , total PAHs, and BaPeq mass concentrations in the four seasons ranged from 4.91 to 58.5 µg m -3 , 0.21 to 8.08 ng m -3 , and 0.03 to 0.78 ng m -3 , respectively. The PM 2.5 , total PAHs, and BaPeq mass concentrations were in the order winter > autumn > spring > summer and exhibited significant seasonal variations. The carcinogenic potency of PAHs in winter was approximately 6.21 times higher than that in summer. The major BaPeq contributors were BaP, BbF, INP, and DBA. BaP accounted for 49.0% of BaPeq concentrations in PM 2.5 in all four seasons. The annual average lifetime excess cancer risk of PM 2.5 -bound PAHs (1.60 × 10 -5 ) was higher than that specified in the United States Environmental Protection Agency guidelines (10 -6 ). The two major sources were stationary emission sources and unburned petroleum and traffic emissions, which together accounted for 90.3% of PM 2.5 -bound PAHs.

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Section: Pah Mass Concentrations Of Pm 25 In Relation To Seasonal Chsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Pah Mass Concentrations Of Pm 25 In Relation To Seasonal Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics, Sources, and Health Risks of Atmospheric PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hsinchu, Taiwan

Yang

Hsu

Chen

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Overall, the majority of quinones have the same order of magnitude as those in Fresno, CA, USA, except for 5,12-NQ [20]. They are also similar to those found in Birmingham, UK, except for 9,10-PQ and 1,4-NQ [21,22], but concentrations of quinones in this work were higher than those reported in Santiago and Temuco, Chile [23], and in an Eastern coastal site in the UK [17]. LMW-PAHs: lower molecular weight (containing 2 and 3-ring PAHs), MMW-PAHs: middle molecular weight (containing 4-ring PAHs), HMW: higher molecular weight (containing 5-, 6-, and 7-ring PAHs).…”

Section: Environmental Levelssupporting

confidence: 65%

Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

et al. 2017

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This study aims to establish the influence of primary emission sources and atmospheric transformation process contributing to the concentrations of quinones associated to particulate matter of less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in three sites within the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara (MAG), namely Centro (CEN), Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Águilas (AGU). Environmental levels of quinones extracted from PM 2.5 filters were analyzed using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, primary emissions in combination with photochemical and oxidation reactions contribute to the presence of quinones in the urban atmosphere of MAG. It was found that quinones in PM 2.5 result from the contributions from direct emission sources by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline that relate mainly to vehicular activity intensity in the three sampling sites selected. However, this also suggests that the occurrence of quinones in MAG can be related to photochemical transformation of the parent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), to chemical reactions with oxygenated species, or a combination of both routes. The higher concentration of 1,4-Chrysenequinone during the rainy season compared to the warm-dry season indicates chemical oxidation of chrysene, since the humidity could favor singlet oxygen collision with parent PAH present in the particle phase. On the contrary, 9,10-Anthraquinone/Anthracene and 1,4-Naftoquinone/Naphthalene ratios were higher during the warm-dry season compared to the rainy season, which might indicate a prevalence of the photochemical formation during the warm-dry season favored by the large solar radiation typical of the season. In addition, the estimated percentage of photochemical formation of 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone showed that the occurrence of this compound in Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Águilas (AGU) sites is mainly propagated by conditions of high solar radiation such as in the warm-dry season and during long periods of advection of air masses from emission to the reception areas. This was shown by the direct association between the number hourly back trajectories arriving in the TLA and AGU from Centro and other areas in MAG and the highest photochemical formation percentage.

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“…From a molecular point of view, turnover is defined in the present case as the ratio of O 2 consumed to the number of reducing catalytic sites involved at the nanoparticle interface. The way and where these ROS are formed is still not clearly understood, but particulate surface redox cycling of metal ions, 10,11 quinones, [12][13][14][15] or "environmentally persistent free radicals" (EPFR) 4,16,17 are often advocated for ambient particles. In addition, such a redox activity has been shown to partition between the (water/organic) soluble fraction and the insoluble elemental carbon core 8,9 for ambient particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Aspects of the Interfacial Catalytic Oxidation of Dithiothreitol by Dissolved Oxygen in the Presence of Carbon Nanoparticles

Sauvain

Rossi

2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The catalytic nature of particulate matter is often advocated to explain its ability to generate reactive oxygen species, but quantitative data are lacking. We have performed molecular characterization of three different carbonaceous nanoparticles (NP) by: 1. identifying and quantifying their surface functional groups based on probe gas-particle titration; 2. studying the kinetics of dissolved oxygen consumption in the presence of suspended NP's and dithiothreitol (DTT). We show that these NP's can reversibly change their oxidation state between oxidized and reduced functional groups present on the NP surface. By comparing the amount of O 2 consumed and the number of strongly reducing sites on the NP, its average turnover ranged from 35 to 600 depending on the type of NP. The observed quadratic rate law for O 2 disappearance points to a Langmuir-Hinshelwood surface-based reaction mechanism possibly involving semiquinone radical. In the proposed model, the strongly reducing surface site is assumed to be a polycyclic aromatic conjugated hydroquinone whose oxidation to the corresponding quinone is rate-limiting in the catalytic chain reaction. The presence and strength of the reducing surface functional groups are important for explaining the catalytic activity of NP in the presence of oxygen and a reducing agent like DTT.

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Analysis of atmospheric concentrations of quinones and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vapour and particulate phases

Cited by 131 publications

References 48 publications

Characteristics, Sources, and Health Risks of Atmospheric PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hsinchu, Taiwan

Characteristics, Sources, and Health Risks of Atmospheric PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hsinchu, Taiwan

Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

Quantitative Aspects of the Interfacial Catalytic Oxidation of Dithiothreitol by Dissolved Oxygen in the Presence of Carbon Nanoparticles

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