“…Negative personal effects such as sadness, low self-esteem, and psychosomatic problems might result from these practices (Duffy et al, 2006). As a result, social undermining can have negative impact on interpersonal connections and co-creation in the workplace (Taherpour et al, 2016). Joseph et al (2011) reported that social undermining behavior is employed in the workplace to prevent coworkers from establishing and maintaining a good reputation, achievement, and healthy interpersonal relationships.…”