Analysis of Biosignals During Immersion in Computer Games

Yeo, Mina; Lim, Seokbeen; Yoon, Gilwon

doi:10.1007/s10916-017-0860-y

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Looking at non-competitive CG, the data representing the stress reaction are inconsistent, showing slight increases, unchanged values or decreases for heart rate and unchanged or decreasing values for blood pressure and cortisol (Ballard and Wiest, 1996 ; Ballard et al, 2006 ; Arriaga et al, 2008 ; Barlett et al, 2008 , 2009 ; Adachi and Willoughby, 2011 ; Siervo et al, 2013 , 2018 ; Yeo et al, 2017 ). Overall, the available data tend to show that there are no or only minor stress reactions in CG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Esports on the Cardiovascular System and Energy Expenditure in Amateur Esports Players

Zimmer

Haupt

Heidenreich

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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IntroductionEsports is practiced by millions of people worldwide every day. On a professional level, esports has been proven to have a high stress potential and is sometimes considered equivalent to traditional sporting activities. While traditional sports have health-promoting effects through muscle activity and increased energy expenditure, amateur esports could represent a purely sedentary activity, which would carry potentially harmful effects when practiced regularly. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the acute effects of esports on the cardiovascular system and energy expenditure in amateur esports players to show whether esports can be considered as physical strain or mental stress or whether amateur esports has to be seen as purely sedentary behavior.MethodsThirty male subjects participated in a 30-min gaming session, playing the soccer simulation game FIFA 20 or the tactical, first-person multiplayer shooter Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. Respiratory and cardiovascular parameters, as well as energy expenditure, blood glucose, lactate, and cortisol, were determined pre-, during, and post-gaming.ResultsThere were no significant changes in oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, energy expenditure, stroke volume, or lactate levels. Heart rate, blood glucose and cortisol decreased through the intervention until reaching their minimum levels 10 min post-gaming (Cortisolpre: 3.1 ± 2.9 ng/ml, Cortisolpost: 2.2 ± 2.3 ng/ml, p < 0.01; HRmin0.5: 82 ± 11 bpm, HRpost: 74 ± 13 bpm, p < 0.01).ConclusionA 30-min esports intervention does not positively affect energy expenditure or metabolism in amateur esports players. Therefore, it cannot provide the same health-promoting effects as traditional sports participation, but could in the long-term rather cause the same potentially health-damaging effects as purely sedentary behavior. However, it does not trigger a negative stress response in the players. Deliberate physical activity and exercise routines adapted to these demands should therefore be part of the daily life of amateur esports players.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Esports on the Cardiovascular System and Energy Expenditure in Amateur Esports Players

Zimmer

Haupt

Heidenreich

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…We report that the heart rate was maintained throughout the game at about 54% of the age-predicted maximal heart rate, and it was variable throughout the game with most heart rates during the game ranging from about 40 to 70% of age-predicted maximal heart rate range. Yeo et al (26) also demonstrated moderate increases in the heart rate with game play. With sympathetic drive related to game play or anticipatory stress, the elevated heart rate with eSport games is typical for games of all durations (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Arousal/Stress Effects of “Overwatch” eSports Game Competition in Collegiate Gamers

Kraemer

Caldwell

Post

et al. 2022

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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To date, no physical response data are available for one of the most popular eSport games, Overwatch. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the stress signaling associated with competitive Overwatch play and to understand how acute hormonal responses may affect performance. Thirty-two male college-aged gamers (age: 21.3 6 2.7 years; estimated time played per week: 18 6 15 hours) completed the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to a 6-player team to compete in a tournament-style match. Salivary measures of cortisol and testosterone were collected immediately before (PRE) and after (POST) the first-round game, with the heart rate recorded continuously during the match. The mean characteristics were calculated for each variable and comparisons made by the skill level. Significance was defined as p # 0.05. There were no differences in measures of salivary cortisol. A differential response pattern was observed by the skill level for testosterone. The low skill group displayed a significant increase in testosterone with game play (mean 6 SD, testosterone PRE: 418.3 6 89.5 pmol•L 21 , POST: 527.6 6 132.4 pmol•L 21 , p , 0.001), whereas no change was observed in the high skill group. There were no differences in heart rate characteristics between skill groups. Overall, the average heart rate was 107.2 6 17.8 bpm with an average max heart rate of 133.3 6 19.1 bpm. This study provides unique physiological evidence that a sedentary Overwatch match modulates endocrine and cardiovascular responses, with the skill level emerging as a potential modulator.

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“…A step in the right direction might be accomplished simply by substituting low demand tactical or strategy skills training, non‐impact aerobic conditioning, stretching, sensorimotor balance training, and neuromuscular control knee joint protection tasks at mid‐week for regular high‐intensity team or individual training. For the second step, the same technologies that deliver “techno stress” overloads [40, 65, 73, 99, 112, 122, 139, 152] may be used more prescriptively in conjunction with mindful meditative activities such as yoga and positive mental imagery to better regulate sympathetic nervous system‐mediated stress responses [49, 51, 103, 124].…”

Section: Modern Threats To Cruciate Ligament Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cruciate ligament healing and injury prevention in the age of regenerative medicine and technostress: homeostasis revisited

Nyland

Huffstutler

Faridi

et al. 2019

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc

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Purpose This clinical concepts paper discusses the essential elements of cruciate ligament recuperation, micro-trauma repair, and remodeling. Methods Cruciate ligament mechanobiology and tissue heterogeneity, anatomy and vascularity, and synovial membrane and fluid functions are discussed in relationship to deficiency-induced inflammatory responses, nervous and immune system function, recuperation, repair and remodeling, and modern threats to homeostasis. Results Cruciate ligament surgical procedures do not appreciate the vital linked functions of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems and immune system function on knee ligament injury recuperation, micro-trauma repair, and remodeling. Enhanced knowledge of these systems could provide innovative ways to decrease primary non-contact knee injury rates and improve outcomes following reconstruction or primary repair. Conclusions Restoration of knee joint homeostasis is essential to cruciate ligament recuperation, micro-trauma repair, and remodeling. The nervous and immune systems are intricately involved in this process. Varying combinations of high-intensity training, under-recovery, technostress, and environmental pollutants (including noise) regularly expose many athletically active individuals to factors that abrogate the environment needed for cruciate ligament recuperation, micro-trauma repair, and remodeling. Current sports training practice, lifestyle psychobehaviors, and environmental factors combine to increase both primary non-contact knee injury risk and the nervous and immune system dysregulation that lead to poor sleep, increased anxiety, and poorly regulated hormone and cytokine levels. These factors may create a worst-case scenario leading to poor ligament recuperation, micro-trauma repair, and remodeling. Early recognition and modification of these factors may decrease knee ligament injury rates and improve cruciate ligament repair or reconstruction outcomes. Level of evidence V.

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Analysis of Biosignals During Immersion in Computer Games

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Acute Effects of Esports on the Cardiovascular System and Energy Expenditure in Amateur Esports Players

Acute Effects of Esports on the Cardiovascular System and Energy Expenditure in Amateur Esports Players

Arousal/Stress Effects of “Overwatch” eSports Game Competition in Collegiate Gamers

Cruciate ligament healing and injury prevention in the age of regenerative medicine and technostress: homeostasis revisited

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