Analysis of Brazilian Exports of Conifer Wood Moldings Through Gravity Trade Model1

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze Brazilian exports of softwood moldings between the years 1997-2013, by means of a gravity trade model. The main explanatory variables used were GDP of Brazil, importing country´s GDP, and distance between Brazil and its trade partner. The results showed that all variables had the expected behavior. The variables´ coefficient of GDP of Brazil and the importing country's GDP presented a positive influence on trade flow of softwood moldings. The distance coefficient presented a negative influence on trade flow, which showed to be a barrier to Brazilian exports of this product. Results also show that the level of trade is more influenced by the GDP in Brazil than at the importing country's GDP. ANÁLISE DAS EXPORTAÇÕESBRASILEIRAS DE MOLDURAS DE MADEIRA DE CONÍFERAS POR MEIO DO MODELO GRAVITACIONAL RESUMO -O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar as exportações brasileiras de molduras de madeira de coníferas entre os anos de 1997 e 2013 por meio do modelo gravitacional. As variáveis explicativas utilizadas neste estudo foram: Produto Interno Bruto -(PIB) do Brasil, PIB do país importador e a distância deste em relação ao Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que todas as variáveis apresentaram o comportamento esperado. As variáveis PIB do Brasil e PIB do país importador apresentaram influência positiva no fluxo de comércio de molduras de madeira de coníferas. A variável distância, por sua vez, apresentou influência negativa no fluxo comercial, demonstrando ser uma barreira às exportações brasileiras deste produto. Os resultados também apontam que o nível de comércio é mais influenciado pelo PIB do Brasil do que pelo PIB do país importador. Palavras-Chave: Comércio internacional; Exportação de madeira; Brasil. Revista Árvore. 2017;41(4):e410415 VALERIUS J et al.

Assessing the Role of Forest Certification and Macroeconomic Indicators on Croatian Wood Exports to the EU: A Panel Data Approach

“…In contrast to prior research on SFM by Guan, Xu, and Ip Ping Sheong [14], which explored the effects of FSC CoC certification on international trade, the studies by Chen et al [15] regarding the impact of forest certification on global timber product trade, and Klarić et al [17] who delved deeply into the benefits, motives, and shortcomings of FSC Chain of Custody certification in the wood industry, this research offers a new perspective by analysing the link between FSC CoC certification in Croatia and its wood product exports to the EU over a 21-year period, employing a unique gravity data approach. Furthermore, it integrates findings from other studies [20][21][22][23][29][30][31] that identified key macroeconomic indicators as decisive factors for export values. The use of dynamic panel data analysis further deepens this examination, emphasizing the crucial relationship between forest certification, sustainability, and market acceptance.…”

“…Reviewing the literature related to macroeconomic indicators and exports, several studies [20][21][22][23][24] have shown that traditional macroeconomic indicators (such as nominal GDP, GDP per capita, unemployment, manufacturing value added, real effective exchange rate, and distance between countries) have been identified as significant and crucial determinants that lead to higher export values and stimulate export activities. For instance, Brazil's GDP variable has demonstrated a positive influence on exports of wood product, illustrating that the higher economic growth in a country theoretically corresponds to higher production levels, and consequently, a greater quantity exported [22]. Furthermore, India has been shown to have stronger trade connections with its proximate neighbours than with countries further afield [23].…”