Analysis of C1, C2, and C10 through C33 particle-phase and semi-volatile organic compound emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines

Abstract

a b s t r a c tTo meet increasingly stringent regulations for diesel engines, technologies such as combustion strategies, aftertreatment components, and fuel composition have continually evolved. The emissions reduction achieved by individual aftertreatment components using the same engine and fuel has been assessed and published previously (Liu et al., 2008a,b,c). The present study instead adopted a systems approach to evaluate the net effect of the corresponding technologies for model-year 2004 and 2007 engines. The 2004 engine was equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, while the 2007 engine had an EGR system, a crankcase emissions coalescer, and a diesel particulate filter. The test engines were operated under the transient federal test procedure and samples were collected with a source dilution sampling system designed to stimulate atmospheric cooling and dilution conditions. The samples were analyzed for elemental carbon, organic carbon, and C 1 , C 2 , and C 10 through C 33 particle-phase and semivolatile organic compounds. Of the more than 150 organic species analyzed, the largest portion of the emissions from the 2004 engine consisted of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and naphthalene and its derivatives, which were significantly reduced by the 2007 engine and emissions technology. The systems approach in this study simulates the operation of real-world diesel engines, and may provide insight into the future development of integrated engine technology. The results supply updated information for assessing the impact of diesel engine emissions on the chemical processes, radiative properties, and toxic components of the atmosphere.

Characterization of Gas and Particulate Phase Organic Emissions (C9–C37) from a Diesel Engine and the Effect of Abatement Devices

“…Emission inventories such as the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) in the U.K. (or NEI in the US) report many fuel-based emissions factors (EF), including EF of nonvolatile particulate matter and volatile organic compounds <C 12 in the vapor phase. EF of S/IVOC from diesel vehicles, however, are scarce and are usually reported only for individual species such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) or n-alkanes. − Recent literature has reported IVOC and SVOC emissions from diesel vehicles. ,,, …”

Molecular signatures of organic particulates as tracers of emission sources

“…NPAHs begun of big concern when many chemicals belonging to this group were identified in emissions (Hoekman 1992; Zielinska et al 2004;Liu et al 2010). In particular, the huge increment of diesel engine vehicles during 1970s and 1980s contributed to the occurrence of NPAHs in the air of cities worldwide.…”

Indicators of Natural and Anthropogenic Emission Source Impact

“…Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs). NPAHs gained concern when dedicated studies demonstrated that emissions contain many congeners of this group [Hoekman 1992, Zielinska et al 2004, Liu et al 2010. These efforts based its rationale in the huge increment of diesel engine vehicles during '70s and '80s of the last century, promoted by tax benefits; indeed, diesel engines were recognized as major sources of NPAHs and capable of giving reason for the NPAH occurrence in the atmosphere [Bamford and Baker 2003, Bandowe et al 2014, Bandowe and Meusel 2017.…”