Analysis of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzyme activity within the Tipula abdominalis (Diptera: Tipulidae) larval gut and characterization of Crocebacterium ilecola gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the Tipula abdominalis larval hindgut

Abstract

In forested stream ecosystems of the north and eastern United States, larvae of the aquatic crane fly Tipula abdominalis are important shredders of leaf litter detritus. T. abdominalis larvae harbor a dense and diverse microbial community in their hindgut that may aide in the degradation of lignocellulose. In this study, the activities of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes were demonstrated from hindgut extracts and from bacterial isolates using model sugar substrates. One of the bacterial isolates was further characterized as a member of the family Microbacteriaceae. Taxonomic position of the isolate within this family was determined by a polyphasic approach, as is commonly employed for the separation of genera within the family Microbacteriaceae. The bacterial isolate is Gram‐type positive, motile, non‐sporulating, and rod‐shaped. The G + C content of the DNA is 64.9 mol%. The cell wall contains B2γ type peptidoglycan, D‐ and L‐diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid, and rhamnose as the predominant sugar. The predominant fatty acids are 12‐methyltetradecanoic acid (ai‐C15:0) and 14‐methylhexadecanoic acid (ai‐C17:0). The isolate forms a distinct lineage within the family Microbacteriaceae, as determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. We propose the name Crocebacterium ilecola gen. nov., sp. nov., to accommodate this bacterial isolate. The type species is T202T (ATCC BAA‐1359; GenBank Accession DQ826511).

Bamboo lignocellulose degradation by gut symbiotic microbiota of the bamboo snout beetle Cyrtotrachelus buqueti

“…In Costelytra zealandica (New Zealand grass grub), various hindgut bacteria participate in lignocellulose degradation [4] and some lignocellulose-degrading bacteria have been isolated from the larvae of the scarab beetle Pachnoda marginata [5]. Moreover, bacteria exhibiting cellulose hydrolysis activity have been isolated from other insects, such as Ips pini (North American pine engraver), Dendroctonus frontalis (Southern pine beetle), Saperda vestita (Linden borer) [6] and Tipula abdominalis (giant crane fly) [7]. Symbiotic gut microbes of the fungus-cultivating termites Macrotermes annandalei , Odontotermes yunnanensis and Macrotermes barneyi possess various lignocellulolytic enzyme genes [8].…”

“…Cyrtotrachelus buqueti also exhibits high lignocellulolytic enzyme activity [18]. However, to date, no studies have investigated the role of snout beetle gut microbiota in lignocellulose degradation, as has been done for termites [8] and other species of beetles [4–7]. The present study investigates the role of adult and larval C .…”

Biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds and phthalates by a consortium of Liometopum apiculatum gut microbiota

“…Therefore, they require several enzymes to digest their diet. It has been reported that in many xylophagous-and detritophages-insects, enzymes from symbiotic bacteria such as cellulases, xylanases, and amylases assist in the degradation of the plant-derived materials to release fermentable simple carbohydrates (Warnecke et al, 2007;Rogers and Doran-peterson, 2010;Fabryová et al, 2018).…”

Insect cellulolytic enzymes: Novel sources for degradation of lignocellulosic biomass

“…Huang et al (2010) reviewed the physiochemical properties of the scarab beetle gut at larval stage, the diversity and digestive roles that symbiotic microflora play in the scarab gut, and they further discussed the potential for applying these digestive processes in artificial bioreactors. Exploring another specific cellulose-consuming insect from the order Diptera (crane fly), which is a leaf shredding aquatic insect that lives in forested ecosystems, Rogers and Doran-Peterson (2010) have reported the analysis of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzyme activity within this insect gut (larval stage). They also identified and characterized novel cellulolytic bacterial species isolated from its gut system.…”