Analysis of certain blood biochemical parameters in relation to oxidative stress in chronic mitral valve insufficiency of dogs with heart failure

Abstract

Chronic mitral valve insufficiency (CMVI) is the most common acquired heart disease in dogs. In heart failure, the cellular oxygenation and metabolism are affected, which leads to the production of free radicals. Free radicals damage DNA, lipid and protein molecules in cells. In the present experiment, blood samples were collected from CMVI dogs with heart failure and were compared with the results obtained from healthy dogs. A significant increase in the levels of xanthine oxidase, AST, LDH and CK and decrease in the activity of catalase were noticed in CMVI dogs when compared to healthy dogs, which revealed overall cardiac and skeletal muscle damage in CMVI dogs. Results of biochemical parameters revealed an increase in urea level and decrease in sodium, potassium, and calcium levels in CMVI dogs as compared to control dogs, all of which indicate cardiac damage in dogs. Study on hematological parameters revealed a significant decrease in Hb, PCV, RBC and platelet counts and an increase in total WBC counts and percentage of neutrophils, decrease in percentage of the lymphocyte and monocyte in CMVI dogs than control. These results indicate secondary phenomenon to heart failure. The present research data indicates the usefulness of these biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of CMVI with heart failure in dogs.

​​Evaluation of Hematological and Serum Biochemical Alterations in Dogs Affected with Congestive Heart Failure

“…There was a substantial increase in values of LDH, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALT and AST in CHF affected dogs associated with DCM (Table 2). A similar finding was also reported by earlier workers (Tidholm and Johnson, 1996;Dhanya pai et al, 2012;Deepa et al, 2012 andIndhu et al, 2019). Elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in dogs with DCM are related to renal ischemia and organ congestion caused by poor cardiac output Sisson et al (1999a).…”

Therapeutic effects of allopurinol on the function of left ventricular and activity of matrix metalloproteinase enzymes (MMPs) in patients with chronic heart failure

“…In vitro studies performed on isolated hearts by Ferdinandy et al (23) have demonstrated that the progressive spread of heart failure is associated with increased myocardial XO levels, contributing to increased cardiac oxidative stress. In another model of heart failure in dogs, a fourfold increase in myocardial activity or XO levels was observed, which was associated with an increase in oxidative stress in the heart (24). De Jong et al (25) also observed a 50% increase in chronic heart failure in rats.…”

“…Even the score of patients based on NYHA class in patients in this group showed a significant decrease after allopurinol treatment. In a model of chronic heart failure in dogs, the Indhu et al (24) found that 200 mg of allopurinol administration reduced myocardial oxygen consumption and increased contractile strength, and was effective. The results of a study by Ukai et al (28) also performed on a model of chronic canine heart failure in dogs showed that allopurinol improved left ventricular systolic function at rest and stimulated stimulation in the active state.…”

Characterization of Cardiac Diseases in Dogs Prevalent in Indian Conditions

“…This increase attributed to inflammatory reaction associated with increased level of TNF and IL-1 (Singh et al, 2014) or due to concurrent secondary bacterial infection of respiratory tract (Venkatesakumar et al, 2018). Significant increment in Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with mean value (291.65-586.47 IU/l) was recorded (except systolic dysfunction), in contrast to control group animals as shown in Fig 1 . Elevated LDH may be due to limited skeletal muscle blood flow in patients with cardiac diseases leading to low cardiac output and increased peripheral resistance and muscle degeneration (Indhu et al, 2018). So, elevated serum-LDH might be considered as a risk factor for cardiac diseases in dogs and can be a routine biochemical indicator for cardiac affections.…”