Analysis of Delay Variation in Encoded On-Chip Bus Signaling under Process Variation

Phase-Aware Multitone Digital Signal Based Test for RF Receivers

“…Using moderately demanding delay and rise-time means and conservative standard-deviations chosen based on [19] and [20] ( -, -, , and ) a Monte Carlo simulation was run to show the histogram of the 1 dB flatness frequency and the max level resulting from the interaction of varying and simultaneously. The simulation is a statistical perturbation of the lowest 1 dB flatness point presented in Fig.…”

“…Stacking (6) for each of the MTSG levels yields the matrix shown in (20). A complex-valued LS regression is then performed to yield , , and .…”

“…A complex-valued LS regression is then performed to yield , , and . In (20) (4) and (5), and NF can be found as discussed in Section II.…”

“…Analytically, starting from (6) and multiplying the input signal with a frequency-dependent coefficient (i.e., a shaping filter) results in having different extracted DUT parameters , , and because the measured output is unchanged. We denote the new DUT parameters with a subscript to yield (22) The matrix coefficients , and can be calculated from (7), (13), and (19) respectively, and hence and can be found per (20) or (21). For designing for a given DUT, using a filter whose response trend is the inverse of a nominal DUT response trend is often sufficient.…”

“…However, a practical attenuator introduces phase shift at higher at- tenuation levels. This phase shift, if not measured, can be a source of error in the complex regression done on (20) to find and , because the phase of at the various attenuation levels will be assumed to be the same when it is not. While the first two of the three intermediate measurements discussed in Section II are done at static MTSG levels.…”