Analysis of developmental genetic effects from embryo, cytoplasm and maternal plant for oleic and linoleic acid contents of rapeseed

Abstract

SU MMARYThe genetic effects, including genetic main effects and genotyperenvironment (GrE) interaction effects, for oleic acid content (OAC) and linoleic acid content (LAC) at five different developmental times/stages were studied using unconditional and conditional genetic models for seed quantitative traits in diploid plants. The unconditional analysis results revealed that both OAC and LAC were simultaneously controlled by diploid embryo nuclear genes, cytoplasmic genes and diploid maternal plant nuclear genes and their GrE interaction effects. Effects on the embryo and cytoplasm were found to be more important for OAC at different developmental times while maternal effects, in combination with cytoplasmic effects, were more important for LAC at most development times. The conditional analysis revealed that the net effect from expression of maternal genes was more important for both traits at most developmental stages. The total narrow-sense heritability was high for both OAC and LAC, with general heritabilities being more visible for OAC and GrE interaction heritability being more important for LAC at most development times. The predicted genetic effects indicated that while most parents (with the exception of Youcai 601, Zhongyou 821 and Eyouchangjia) could be used for improving OAC of offspring, Double 20-4 was the most appropriate for improving LAC due to its better stability and positive values across environments at most development times.

QTL mapping based on the embryo and maternal genetic systems for non‐essential amino acids in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) meal

“…The rapeseed growing on the plant is a new generation and differs from its maternal plant which provides the genetic materials and nutrition for seed development. Since most of the important quality traits of rapeseed are controlled by the quantitative genes, the performance of seed quality traits could be simultaneously affected by the genetic effects from the QTLs expressed both in the embryo and maternal plant genomes during the seed development of rapeseed . Furthermore, the expression of QTLs could vary at different environments, so the performance for many important quality traits of rapeseed could also be affected by the genotype × environment (GE) interaction effects from different genetic systems.…”

“…QTL mapping for rapeseed quality traits such as oil content, fatty acid composition and protein content had been studied, but they were only in consideration of QTLs expressed in the embryo nuclear genome. Quality traits of seed grown on its maternal plant had been proved to be simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects from the genes expressed in both of the embryo and maternal plant genomes across environments . With a new QTL mapping model and corresponding software package (QTLNetwork) developed by Yang et al , it would be possible to dissect the genetic architecture of complex quantitative trait into the genetic main effects of individual QTL and the interaction effects between QTL and environmental factors, which had been successfully applied in the two‐genetic‐system QTL mapping for quality traits of rice, cotton and rapeseed …”

Dynamic gene expression analysis of maternal, cytoplasmic and embryo genetic systems for linolenic and erucic acid contents in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

“…For developing the calibration equation, an additional 210 samples from five developmental stages were included and the contents of LLA and EA were analyzed using gas chromatography (Japan, Model GC-9A). For more details please refer Variath et al (2010).…”

Mapping QTLs Controlling Beneficial Fatty Acids Based on the Embryo and Maternal Plant Genomes in Brassica napus L.

“…Moreover, rapeseeds grown in the fields could be influenced by environmental conditions (e.g., soil, weather and management); hence, the performance of many important quality traits of rapeseed could also be affected by genotype × environment (GE) interaction effects. Some studies have confirmed that the oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids in rapeseed are simultaneously controlled by the genetic main effects from embryo and maternal plant nuclear genes as well as their GE interaction effects [9][10][11]. However, little information has been found on the QTLs located on different chromosomes in embryo and maternal plant nuclear genomes for the performance of rapeseed fatty acids, and the QTL × environment (QE) interaction effects from different genetic systems have not been clarified for fatty acid contents up to now.…”

“…In dicotyledonous crops, such as Brassica napus L., the seed is a new generation and differs from its maternal plant, which provides genetic materials and most of the nutrition for seed development. The performance of seed traits can be simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects from the genes expressed in both the embryo and maternal plant genomes [8][9][10][11][12]. Moreover, rapeseeds grown in the fields could be influenced by environmental conditions (e.g., soil, weather and management); hence, the performance of many important quality traits of rapeseed could also be affected by genotype × environment (GE) interaction effects.…”