Analysis of Early-Life Growth and Age at Pubertal Onset in US Children

Aris, Izzuddin M.; Perng, Wei; Dabelea, Dana; Ganiban, Jody M.; Liu, Chang; Marceau, Kristine; Robertson, Olivia; Hockett, Christine W.; Mihalopoulos, Nicole L.; Kong, Xiangrong; Herting, Megan M.; Jensen, Elizabeth T.; Hivert, Marie‐France; Oken, Emily; Aschner, Judy L.; Blair, Clancy; Camargo, Carlos Eduardo; Deoni, Sean; Duarte, Cristiane S.; Dunlop, Anne L.; Elliott, Amy J.; Ferrara, Assiamira; Gern, James; Breton, Carrie V.; Hertz‐Picciotto, Irva; Hipwell, Alison E.; Karr, Catherine; Lester, Barry M.; Leve, Leslie D.; Lewis, Johnnye; Weiss, Scott T.; McEvoy, Cynthia; Newschaffer, Craig J.; O’Connor, Thomas; Kerver, Jean M.; Herbstman, Julie B.; Schantz, Susan L.; Stanford, Joseph B.; Trasande, Leonardo; Wright, Rosalind J.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46873

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, the breastfed infants presented a subsequent lower risk of obesity or overweight after four months postnatal [ 47 ]. Studies focusing on early-life growth discovered a negative correlation between weight in late infancy and the timing of menarche [ 48 , 49 ]. Furthermore, the early adiposity rebound (EAR) facilitates understanding this association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tang

Xue

Huang³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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The onset of puberty has become earlier over the decades, and nutrients and diet are related to the timing of puberty onset. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between diet or nutrients in infancy, childhood and early puberty. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library were searched systematically up to 15 April 2022. The pooled relative risks (RRs) or regression coefficients (beta) were estimated using the random-effect model or fixed-effect model according to the heterogeneity between studies. Twenty-two articles on diet or nutrients in childhood and six about breastfeeding in infancy were included. The prolonged breastfeeding duration in infancy could reduce the risk of early menarche (beta 0.31, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.60, p = 0.045). The high intake of yogurt was associated with a 35% reduction in the risk of earlier menarche (RR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.89, p = 0.008). Girls with severe food insecurity experienced later menarche (RR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.98, p = 0.027). Conversely, due to the high intake of protein, the risk of early menarche increased by 8% (RR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.16, p = 0.016). High intake of yogurt, longer duration of breastfeeding, and food insecurity decreased the possibility of earlier menarche, while high intake of protein increased that risk. As a modifiable factor, diet and nutrients in infancy and childhood provide new insights into the future prevention of early puberty.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tang

Xue

Huang³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…Most importantly, there is significant variation in the age of puberty among the same population making it more difficult to generalize based on age ( Ohlsson et al, 2019 ; Aris et al, 2022 ) ( Figure 2E ). Complex genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors can influence normal puberty timing, precocious puberty, and delayed puberty ( Aris et al, 2022 ). The standard variation of puberty age among girls in a country can be as much as 1.5 years ( Hirokawa et al, 1992 ).…”

Section: Policy Options and Implications-life Stages And Age Differ S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aris et al studied the early-life growth and age at pubertal onset among boys and girls in US children. They found that faster gains in weight, length or height, or body mass index in early life were associated with earlier pubertal onset ( Aris et al, 2022 ), again suggesting that nutrition leads to variation in ages of puberty.…”

Section: Policy Options and Implications-life Stages And Age Differ S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bring the life stages into the domain of basic and clinical pharmacology

et al. 2022

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Completely distinct physiological conditions and immune responses exist among different human life stages. Age is not always consistent with the life stage. We proposed to incorporate the concept of the life stages into basic and clinical pharmacology, including clinical trials, drug labels, and drug usage in clinical practice. Life-stage-based medical treatment is the application of medicine according to life stages such as prepuberty, reproductive, and aging. A large number of diseases are life-stage-dependent. Many medications and therapy have shown various age effects but not been recognized as life-stage-dependent. The same dosage and drug applications used in different life stages lead to divergent outcomes. Incorporating life stages in medicine and drug usage will enhance the efficacy and precision of the medication in disease treatment.

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“…Early puberty in both boys and girls may be associated with a higher risk for immediate and long-term health consequences including dysmetabolism, psychosocial issues and chronic disease ( Aris et al , 2022 ). Delayed puberty may also have both immediate and long-term health effects on both girls and boys, but these effects have not been as clearly established ( Zhu and Chan, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Puberty disorders among ART-conceived singletons: a Nordic register study from the CoNARTaS group

et al. 2022

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STUDY QUESTION Do ART-conceived children have an increased risk for puberty disorders? SUMMARY ANSWER Both ART-conceived boys and girls had a higher risk of puberty disorders; early puberty was more common among girls and late puberty among boys. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Some physiological differences in growth and metabolism have been reported for ART-conceived children compared to non-ART-conceived children. Knowledge on pubertal development and disorders in ART-conceived children is limited. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A register-based cohort study was carried out including data from 1985 to 2015. The Committee of Nordic Assisted Reproductive Technology and Safety (CoNARTaS) study population consists of all live and stillborn children, as well as their mothers, registered in the Medical Birth Registers during the study period in Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 122 321 ART-conceived singletons and 6 576 410 non-ART singletons born in Denmark (1994–2014), Finland (1990–2014), Norway (2002–2015) and Sweden (1985–2015) were included. Puberty disorders were defined using International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)-9/ICD-10 codes and classified in the following groups: late puberty (6268/E30.0), early puberty (2591 and 2958/E30.1 and E30.8) and unspecified disorders (V212 and V579/E30.9 and Z00.3 as well as Z51.80 for Finland). The results in Cox regression were adjusted for maternal age, parity, smoking, gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and country, and further for either gestational age, birthweight, small for gestational age or large for gestational age. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE There were 37 869 children with diagnoses related to puberty disorders, and 603 of them were born after ART. ART-conceived children had higher risks for early (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.45, 95% CI: 1.29–1.64) and late puberty (aHR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.21–1.77). Girls had more diagnoses related to early puberty (aHR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.29–1.66) and boys with late puberty (aHR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.24–1.95). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Using reported puberty disorders with ICD codes in health care registers might vary, which may affect the numbers of cases found in the registers. Register data may give an underestimation both among ART and non-ART-conceived children, especially among non-ART children, who may not be as carefully followed as ART-conceived children. Adjustment for causes and duration of infertility, mothers’ own puberty characteristics and BMI, as well as children’s BMI, was not possible because data were not available or data were missing for the early years. It was also not possible to compare ART to non-ART siblings or to study the pubertal disorders by cause of subfertility owing to a small number of discordant sibling pairs and a large proportion of missing data on cause of subfertility. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This large, register-based study suggests that ART-conceived children have a higher risk for puberty disorders. However, the mechanisms of infertility and pubertal onset are complex, and ART is a rapidly advancing field with various treatment options. Studying the pubertal disorders of ART-conceived offspring is a continuing challenge. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Nordic Trial Alliance: a pilot project jointly funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers and NordForsk (71450), the Central Norway Regional Health Authorities (46045000), the Nordic Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (NF13041, NF15058, NF16026 and NF17043), the Interreg Öresund-Kattegat-Skagerrak European Regional Development Fund (ReproUnion project), the Research Council of Norway’s Centre of Excellence funding scheme (262700), the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement (ALFGBG-70940) and FLUX Consortium ‘Family Formation in Flux—Causes, Consequences and Possible Futures’, funded by the Strategic Research Council, Academy of Finland (DEMOGRAPHY 345130). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

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Analysis of Early-Life Growth and Age at Pubertal Onset in US Children

Cited by 22 publications

References 84 publications

Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Bring the life stages into the domain of basic and clinical pharmacology

Puberty disorders among ART-conceived singletons: a Nordic register study from the CoNARTaS group

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