Analysis of Ecological Balance in the Arctic Regions of Oil Production on the Example of Yanao

Abstract

The trends of environmental management at oil and gas enterprises, the main geo-environmental problems associated with oil and gas production in the Arctic territories are considered on the example of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the prospects for using environmental-economic modeling for scientific justification for improving the development of the region’s oil and gas sector.

Monitoring and Assessment of the Environmental Consequences and Risks of the Oil and Gas Field Development

“…The oil and gas industry of the Russian Federation is of key importance for the national economy, but it is one of the most environmentally disadvantaged and "opaque". Systemic crisis of the 1990s led to a decline in production in the oil and gas industry, attention to environmental protection and investment in development was minimized, and the priority of environmental problems dropped sharply [1]. The current stage of the country's economy development have a feature -the increasing role of the extractive industries, primarily the oil and gas complex.…”

“…The exploration and exploitation of oil and gas fields is accompanied by a range of environmental problems: gas emissions into the atmosphere during associated gas combustion, water intake, waste generation and disposal, contaminated water discharges to surface water bodies, oil spills, mechanical disturbances and chemical pollution of soils. The main share of air polluting substances is carbon monoxide (48%), which is formed mainly due to the combustion of associated petroleum gas [1].According to the Federal State Statistics Service (www.gks.ru), the annual generation of waste from the extraction of fuel and energy minerals has more than doubled from 2005 to 2017.In 2017, the level of waste utilization at Oil and Gas Industry (OGI) amounted to 23%, and in 2016 -27%, which indicates that despite the positive dynamics in waste disposal, the growth rate of their accumulation is much higher, therefore, in recent years there has been a decrease in the level of waste disposal in the OGI [3].The accumulation of waste in the OGI is due to the imperfection of production technologies, equipment wear and tear, as well as the poor resistance of landscapes to industrial impacts. With the intensification of subsoil development, manmade flows of matter dispersal are activated, which have a negative effect on the components of the environment.…”

“…It should be noted that numerous geoecological studies of the effects of OGI on the components of the environment, carried out by different authors, are scattered, do not have general conclusions. In addition, data on the assessment of environmental damage and the cost of remediation measures are not provided, which is necessary for the development of scientific recommendations on environmental management in the region [1]. Thus, it is justified and relevant to use a comprehensive environmental and economic methodology for comparing environmental damage from the impact of oil and gas facilities on environmental components and reclamation costs.…”