Analysis of Emission Infrared Spectra of Protein Solutions in Low Concentrations

Abstract

In this work, based on the method of infrared emission spectroscopy, the study of emission spectra of interferon-gamma (IFNγ) solution in a mixture or surrounded by three low-concentration solutions (IFNγ, antibodies to IFNγ, glycine buffer) or water control was performed. First of all, the solutions of low concentrations themselves were studied. It was shown that low-concentration solutions of IFNγ and antibodies to IFNγ had lower emission intensity in three spectral bands near 800, 1,300 and 2000 cm−1 compared to water control. Glycine buffer solution had a radiation level indistinguishable from that of the control. In this work, the effect of adding these low-concentration solutions to IFNγ (1 mg/ml) was compared to the effect of adding water control to IFNγ. All solutions or water were added in 10% (v/v). It was found that adding each of the three test solutions induced an increase in the radiation intensity of the IFNγ solution in the spectral range of 400–1700 cm−1 (compared to the IFNγ solution with control spike). It was also tested whether the radiation of the studied low-concentration solutions surrounding the IFNγ solution (1 mg/ml) affected the IFNγ radiation. The measurement results were compared to the data obtained for IFNγ surrounded by water control. All three solutions were found to exert a distant effect on the IFNγ solution (1 mg/ml), which was manifested in a decrease in the intensity of its radiation near 1,000 and 1,500 cm−1 compared to the control solution of IFNγ. Thus, the emission spectra of low-concentration aqueous solutions were measured for the first time, and differences in the emission spectra of the IFNγ solution depending on low-concentration additives and the environment were shown. The paper interprets the observed differences and discusses possible mechanisms underlying the observed phenomena.

Antibodies Processed Using High Dilution Technology Distantly Change Structural Properties of IFNγ Aqueous Solution

“…Another possible mechanism is mediated by the emission of waves. This mechanism is consistent with the results of our previous research, which showed the presence of radiation in extremely diluted solutions of antibodies to IFNγ in the IR region [16], and has also been attested by other research groups [65,66]. Although the mid-IR range carries information about intramolecular structure, it depends, in part, on intermolecular binding.…”

“…The contactless effect of radiation of some systems on others has been known for a long time. Research in this field is ongoing, both in the field of biology [60,61] and in physical chemistry [16,62,63]. Presently, it would be logical to consider two possible mechanisms underlying the effect of contactless impact.…”

“…When extremely diluted solutions are obtained, a certain physical effect (vibrational action in the presence of the initial substance) is also exerted on the initial and subsequent solutions, which leads to a change in their physical-chemical properties [2,[72][73][74][75], and, consequently, the solutions in general. The use of such physical effects may cause extremely high dilutions to have their own radiation with specific characteristics [16]. Thus, extremely diluted solutions having their own specific emission (depending on the initial solution being diluted) can distantly influence their target when exciting them (intensive vibration) leads to emission, and this can explain how extremely diluted solutions manifest biological activity.…”

“…Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis demonstrated that adding extremely diluted solutions of antibodies to an IFNγ aqueous solution resulted in conformational changes in the IFNγ molecule with an accompanied modification of its biological activity [14,15]. In one recent study [16], a fundamentally new ability of the extremely diluted solutions' mechanism of action was discovered. It would seem that their effect can be realised without direct contact with the substance (i.e., distantly).…”

“…The ability of water exposed to various physical factors to emit THz radiation has been revealed [8,9]. The recently demonstrated contactless effects of extremely diluted solutions of substances on biological molecules [16], and the role of THz emission in regulating biomolecule activity [32,33] were prerequisites for studying the distant effect of extremely diluted solutions on the THz characteristics of an aqueous protein solution.…”