Analysis of Exhaust Emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles on Different Applications

Abstract

Emissions from the road transport sector are a major contributor to the climate change. Commonly used heavy vehicles powered by diesel engines emit toxic and harmful compounds that adversely affect the environment. For this reason, increasingly newer Euro emission standards are being introduced. Therefore, the emission performance of heavy-duty vehicles used in the transportation processes of diverse loads was investigated. The first research object was a set of vehicles equipped with a crane used for loading and unloading timber. The measurements were carried out in a specially designed research test reflecting the way the vehicle is used. It consisted of the drive to the loading site, the transport of timber to the destination and the processes of loading and unloading timber. The test route included driving on both unpaved forest roads and asphalt roads. The second research object was a set of vehicles used in long-distance road transport. The research route characterizing the traffic of vehicles from the cited group was selected here. There were three stages of the route–urban, extra-urban and highway. The whole trip was carried out with a load of 24,800 kg. The testing equipment consisted of SEMTECH DS and AVL Micro Soot Sensor devices belonging to the PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System) group. Based on the obtained results, the influence of the operating conditions on the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption was determined.

Quantifying Emissions in Vehicles Equipped with Energy-Saving Start-Stop Technology: THC and NOx Modeling Insights

“…The tested vehicle was equipped with a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS), which was installed in the trunk (Figure 1). The PEMS system is equipped with the following sensors to measure pollutants in exhaust gases: a flame ionization detector (FID) for THC measurement, a chemiluminescence analyzer (CLD) for NO and NO2 measurement, collectively referred to as NOx [45,46]. The measurement range for the THC concentration in exhaust gases is 0-10000 ppm, while for NOx it is 0-3000 ppm.…”

Solid Particle Number (SPN) Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) for Heavy-Duty Applications

“…The reason is that the 23 nm SPN PEMS testing has been required for a few years (2021), and the 10 nm SPN PEMS are not regulated yet. Thus, until recently, researchers have been using different techniques to measure on-board the vehicle not only for heavy-duty vehicles (e.g., [35][36][37][38]) but also for light-duty ones (e.g., [39,40]). While research studies with SPN PEMS exist (e.g., [41,42]), the assessment of PEMS is limited.…”

Assessment of pollutant concentrations from a rail vehicle during remote sensing research

“…In recent years, advanced work has been performed in the scope of the use of alternative propulsion systems [1][2][3][4]. Here, hybrid and all-electric designs should be mentioned in particular.…”