Analysis of Explosives in Soil Using Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography

Mayfield, Howard T.; Burr, Eila M.; Cantrell, Marlene

doi:10.1080/00032710600669358

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Homogenized soil samples (1 g) were weighed into vials and spiked with the standard solutions of TNT or 2,4-DNT at three concentration levels (0.5, 3, and 10 μg·mL –1 ). After being spiked, the soil samples were placed in a fume hood to allow the solvent to evaporate and were then allowed to stand for at least 1 h, as stated in previous reports, , to ensure the complete interaction of the analytes with the matrix of the sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Synthesis and Characterization of N-Doped Carbon Nanodots for Sensing in Organic Media

et al. 2016

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Photoluminescent nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (N-doped CNDs) soluble in organic media are synthesized in a one-step synthesis from a single-source precursor (an amphiphilic polymer), which exhibits a very high quantum yield (QY = 78%), excitation wavelength-dependent emission, and upconversion emission properties. The evolution of N-doped CND formation is studied via ultraviolet-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Their analytical application as an effective sensor for the direct determination of nitroaromatic explosives and byproducts is shown based on their selective response via a fluorescence quenching mechanism. The proposed method is validated in soil samples by directly using the sensor in organic media without any further treatment or additional functionalization, which is an interesting aspect for practical applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Synthesis and Characterization of N-Doped Carbon Nanodots for Sensing in Organic Media

et al. 2016

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“…The two major separation methods frequently used for the determination of explosives are gas chromatography (GC) [9][10][11][12][13][14] and liquid chromatography (LC) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] coupled with various detection techniques. Among these, LC-mass spectrometry (MS) is most often used in complex matrices, as the high temperatures of most GC techniques often leads to decomposition of the explosive compounds [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Line SPE Coupled with LC–APCI–MS for the Determination of Trace Explosives in Water

et al. 2011

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In this study, a rapid, sensitive, and fully automated on-line solid phase extraction (SPE)-liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) method for the analysis of explosive residues in water, was systematically investigated. First, separation of explosive residues was achieved by reverse-phase chromatography using an XDB-C18 column in 30 min with an eluent containing 0.1% acetic acid, 5 mM ammonium acetate, and methanol. Secondly, atmospheric pressures chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) interfaced with the MS detector were used to examine the explosive residues, indicating that APCI-MS was more suitable than ESI-MS for the detection of explosives. Thirdly, the conditions for on-line SPE, including solvent pH and sample injected volume, were optimized. The calibration curves obtained for all explosives studied were linear in the concentration range 0.5-50 lg L -1 . The detection limits of this method ranged from 0.05 to 0.5 lg L -1 when 4000 lL of sample was on-line pre-concentrated on C18 enrichment column. The recoveries from lake waters spiked with explosive standard solution ranged from 90.5 to 108.0%. The proposed method is simple, fast, and could be applied successfully to the analysis of explosive residues in contaminated water without any further pretreatment.

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“…SPME was also used to identify the dominant odor chemicals emanating from explosives for use in developing optimal training aid combinations and mimics for canine detection (221) and to differentiate between different smokeless powders using SPME-GC/MS and SPME-GC-ECD in order to improve training aids for explosives detection canines (222). SPME coupled to GC was also used in the analysis of explosives in soil (223). Chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (CI-MS/MS) was used to improve on the detection of organic explosives (224).…”

Section: Trace Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Science

2007

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Short Tandem Repeats 4367 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms 4367 Y-Chromosome and X-Chromosome Analysis 4368 Mitochondrial DNA Typing 4369 Nonhuman DNA Typing Systems and Microbial Forensics 4369 DNA Databases, Mass Screens, and Mass Disasters 4369 Interpretation and Statistical Weight of DNA Typing Results 4370 General Reviews 4370 Trace Evidence 4370 Petroleum Products and Explosives 4370 Hairs, Fibers, Glass, and Paint 4371 Gunshot Residue Analysis 4372 Fingerprints 4372 Miscellaneous Trace Evidence 4372 Drugs and Poisons 4373 Ethanol and Volatiles 4373 Cannabinoids 4373 Morphine and Related Narcotics 4373 Amphetamines 4374 Benzodiazepines 4375 γ-Hydroxybutyrate and Related Compounds 4375 Miscellaneous Drugs 4375 Other Techniques 4376 Literature Cited 4377This applications review aims to present a concise survey of articles appearing in publications that primarily appeal to forensic practitioners. With this objective, we have focused our attention on the following journals:

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Analysis of Explosives in Soil Using Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

One-Step Synthesis and Characterization of N-Doped Carbon Nanodots for Sensing in Organic Media

One-Step Synthesis and Characterization of N-Doped Carbon Nanodots for Sensing in Organic Media

On-Line SPE Coupled with LC–APCI–MS for the Determination of Trace Explosives in Water

Forensic Science

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