“…One of the first proposals for dual drainage was made by Ellis et al (1982) using SWMM to design Dual Drainage 1D/1D Systems, where the two systems remained separated although they were calibrated as if they worked together. More recently the approach has seen some significant improvements by Prodanovic et al, (1998);D et al, (1999); Hsu et al, (2002); Nasello and Tucciarelli, (2005); Chen et al, (2007); Leandro et al, (2009) ;Mahdizadeh et al, (2011Mahdizadeh et al, ( , 2012; Seyoum et al, (2012); Borsche and Klar, (2014); Fraga et al,(2015); Chen et al,(2015); Russo et al,(2015); Martins et al,(2016c); Leandro et al, (2016). et al, (1999) proposed an approach to the dual drainage concept to better replicate the urban flood conditions with an integrated sewer and surface hydraulic model.…”