Analysis of factors affecting CO<sub>2</sub>emissions by civil buildings in China's urban areas

Liu, Z. G.; Wang, S. S.; Liu, J. Y.; Liu, F.; Fu, Xinyue

doi:10.1093/ijlct/ctt038

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Buildings in urban areas are one of the primary sources of CO 2 emissions [39][40][41][42]. The values for CO 2 concentration were recorded through a CO 2 meter at four places: offices, a laboratory, corridors, and the praying area of the two buildings at various intervals in the morning and the afternoon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 11 shows the temperature concentration at different locations in the buildings on the campus. Buildings in urban areas are one of the primary sources of CO2 emissions [39][40][41][42]. The values for CO2 concentration were recorded through a CO2 meter at four places: offices, a laboratory, corridors, and the praying area of the two buildings at various intervals strong correlation was found between CO2 concentrations noted in offices and corridors in the morning compared to the laboratory and praying area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Dioxide Footprint and Its Impacts: A Case of Academic Buildings

2021

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Carbon emissions have been considered a major reason behind climate change and global warming. Various studies report that rapid urbanization and the changing demands of 21st century life have resulted in higher carbon emissions. This study aims to examine the carbon footprints in an academic building to observe the carbon dioxide (CO2) levels at crucial landmarks and offices. A sensor-based automated system was designed and implemented for the collection of CO2 concentrations at selected locations. In the final stage, a CO2 footprint map was generated to highlight the vulnerable areas of CO2 in the academic building. It was concluded that offices have higher CO2 concentrations at both intervals (morning and afternoon), followed by the laboratory, corridors, and praying area. The CO2 concentration did not exceed 500 ppm at any location. Thus, all locations other than offices had normal CO2 concentration levels. Similarly, the humidity level was also satisfactory. The average humidity level was below 50%, which is below the permissible value of 65%. The recommended range for temperature values as per ASHRAE standards is 22.5 °C to 25.5 °C, except for prayer places. It was concluded that the selected academic institute is providing a good environment to the users of the building, but that may change once the academic institute becomes fully functional after COVID-19. This study assists the stakeholders in making guidelines and necessary actions to reduce CO2 concentration in academic buildings, as it is expected to rise once the human load increases in the next academic year. The suggested approach can be used in any other country and the results will vary based on the building type, building energy type, and building ventilation design.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide Footprint and Its Impacts: A Case of Academic Buildings

2021

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“…Based on the literature review [4,5,12,32,[36][37][38], combined with general knowledge, the secondary indicators of three nontarget factors (socioeconomic condition, building features, and macroclimate) were determined. These secondary indicators can better reflect the condition of the corresponding factor.…”

Section: Socioeconomic Condition Building Features and Macroclimate Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Connection between Urban 3D Form and Building Energy Performance and the Influencing Mechanism

Wang

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2021

IJGI

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Continuous growth of building energy consumption CO2 emission (BECCE) threatens urban sustainable development. Urban form is an important factor affecting BECCE. Compactness is a significant urban morphological characteristic. There is currently a lack of research on the effect of urban three-dimensional (3D) compactness on BECCE. To clarify the research value of 3D compactness, we investigated whether 3D compactness has a stronger impact on BECCE than two-dimensional (2D) compactness. A total of 288 buildings of the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) were divided into 5 zones according to building climate demarcation. As BECCE is affected mainly by four aspects (socioeconomic condition, building features, macroclimate, and urban form), the BECCE driven by urban form (BECCE-f) in each zone was calculated firstly using the partial least square regression model. Normalized compactness index (NCI) and normalized vertical compactness index (NVCI) were calculated with Python to quantify urban 2D and 3D compactness within a 1 km buffer of PBOC buildings. The mean NCI and NVCI values of each zone were adopted as 2D and 3D compactness of this zone. Gray correlation analysis of the five zones showed that the connection between the NVCI and BECCE-f is stronger than that between NCI and BECCE-f. Based on this, we believe that the emphasis of later research should be shifted to urban 3D form, not just 2D elements. 3D form can describe the real urban form in a more accurate and detailed manner. Emphasizing 3D morphological characteristics in studies of the relationship between urban form and building energy performance is more meaningful and valuable than only considering 2D characteristics. The impact mechanism of urban form on BECCE-f should also be analyzed from the perspective of 3D form. This study also provides beneficial solutions to building energy saving and low-carbon building construction.

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“…The study by Liu et al (2013) Due to the incessant power outage in Nigeria, a preliminary survey was conducted on all 165 hotels registered with the national tourism Development Cooperation (NTDC) in Enugu. The study thereafter adopted the use of constant and steady power supply to categorise the hotels, in-order to identify the hotels that provided 24 hours constant power notwithstanding the energy source.…”

Section: Carbon Emission Of the Hotel Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary assessment of the energy related carbon emissions associated with hotels in Enugu Metropolis Nigeria

Sam-Amobi¹,

Ekechukwu²,

Chukwuali³

2019

AFRREV STECH: Int J. Sci and Technol

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This study assesses the environmental impacts of energy consumption of 24 hotel buildings in Enugu Metropolis. Structured questionnaire was administered to the hotel managers in order to collect energy consumption pattern. Measurements were carried out to reproduce the floor plans of the hotels in-order to determine the floor areas. The breakdown of energy consumption showed that diesel and petrol generator sets dominated for regular and 24hours electricity supply. The average Building Energy Index (BEI) of 405.73Kwh/m 2 /yr was derived based on unit floor area. The result further showed that average CO2 emissions from consumption of grid electricity to be 2936.06KgCO2e/Kwh/yr, and 294817.44KgCO2e/litre/yr and 1546.69KgCO2e/litre/yr, respectively for diesel and petrol. The study concluded that there is need to reduce COPYRIGHT © IAARR: www.afrrevjo.net 20 Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.info dependence on fossil fuel consumption of the hotels and therefore recommends the encouragement of low energy and energy efficient hotel building designs in the study area.

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Analysis of factors affecting CO₂emissions by civil buildings in China's urban areas

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Carbon Dioxide Footprint and Its Impacts: A Case of Academic Buildings

Carbon Dioxide Footprint and Its Impacts: A Case of Academic Buildings

Exploring the Connection between Urban 3D Form and Building Energy Performance and the Influencing Mechanism

A preliminary assessment of the energy related carbon emissions associated with hotels in Enugu Metropolis Nigeria

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Analysis of factors affecting CO2emissions by civil buildings in China's urban areas

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Carbon Dioxide Footprint and Its Impacts: A Case of Academic Buildings

Carbon Dioxide Footprint and Its Impacts: A Case of Academic Buildings

Exploring the Connection between Urban 3D Form and Building Energy Performance and the Influencing Mechanism

A preliminary assessment of the energy related carbon emissions associated with hotels in Enugu Metropolis Nigeria

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Product

Resources

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Analysis of factors affecting CO₂emissions by civil buildings in China's urban areas