Analysis of factors controlling dinitrogen fixation and nitrogen release in soybean using pod removal, stem girdling, and defoliation

Ofosu-Budu, K. G.; Saneoka, Hirofumi; Fujita, Kazuo

doi:10.1080/00380768.1995.10419603

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, the defoliation promoved by grazing has an effect on the transfer of nutrients, such as nitrogen from the biological nitrogen fixation of legumes, such as the white clover and the birdsfoot trefoil that are cultivated in S4 and S5, for other non-leguminous plants such as Italian ryegrass (Thilakarathna, McElroy, Chapagain, Papadopoulos, & Raizada, 2016). Grazing increases the exudation of nitrogen-rich compounds (Ofosu-Budu, Saneoka, & Fujita, 1995) and carbon (Carrillo, Jordan, Jacobsen, Mitchell, & Raber, 2011), which increase soil metabolic activity and impacts on greater activity of extracellular enzymes and higher release of nutrients in the mineral form to the soil (Ayres et al, 2004;Ayres, Dromph, Cook, Ostile, & Bardgett, 2007). Some authors point out that grazing may also induce senescence of roots and nodules that contribute to the transfer of N and other nutrients (Chesney & Nygren, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated crop–livestock systems in lowlands increase the availability of nutrients to irrigated rice

et al. 2020

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Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) associated with crop rotation and soil conservation management cause numerous changes in nutrient fluxes and soil biochemical dynamics. In this sense, there is a gap in the impact of integrated production systems on nutrient dynamics and soil microbial activity in lowlands. In this context, this work had the objective of evaluating the nutrient availability and the activity of extracellular enzymes in a Gleyic Luvic Planosol under ICLS. The experiment has five paddy-farming systems with a range of crop diversity (both in time and space) and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated crop–livestock systems in lowlands increase the availability of nutrients to irrigated rice

et al. 2020

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“…Results from numerous experiments manipulating N-sink strength demonstrate a clear effect on nitrogenase activity. Removal of pods as a major sink is often connected with decreased nitrogenase activity and accumulation of nitrogen in nodules (Fujita et al, 1988a, b;Fujita et al, 1991b;Ofosu-Budu et al, 1995;Baker et al, 1997). Young reproductive structures attract high amounts of nitrogen, resulting in peak nitrogen fixation rates at early pod filling (Peat et al, 1981;Jensen, 1987;Imsande, 1989).…”

Section: Nitrogen Feedback-regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How are nitrogen fixation rates regulated in legumes?

Schulze¹

2004

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

137

101

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± ZusammenfassungSymbiotic nitrogen fixation by the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis is a finely regulated process that involves significant carbon and energy metabolism by the plant. At present, there are three competing theories as to how the regulation of the process is achieved at the whole plant level. Theory one (carbon supply regulation) states that nitrogen fixation rates are regulated by either current nodule assimilate supply or through metabolism of assimilates into compounds that can be used by the bacteroids. A second theory (oxygen supply regulation) assumes that oxygen diffusion into the nodules is tightly regulated and is the principal regulatory factor for nitrogen fixation rates. A third theory (N-feedback regulation) suggests that a product of nitrogen fixation or assimilation exerts a feedback regulatory impact. The paper summarizes experimental data which support or reject the mentioned theories. Moreover, implications of nitrogen fixation under P stress and of phenomena connected with the argon or acetylene induced decline in nitrogenase activity for the understanding of nitrogen fixation regulation are discussed. It is concluded that we currently have no theory that explains all aspects and experimental results concerning the regulation of nitrogen fixation in legumes. With our growing ability to impact the process, e.g., by genetic engineering, this understanding of nitrogen fixation regulation has potential to be translated into agronomically sustainable benefits. Wie werden die Stickstofffixierungsraten bei Leguminosen reguliert?Die symbiontische N 2 -Fixierung bei Leguminosen ist ein fein regulierter Prozess, der einen massiven Substanzumsatz in der Pflanze beinhaltet. Gegenwärtig gibt es drei konkurrierende Theorien über die Art, wie die Regulation des Prozesses auf Ganzpflanzenbasis erreicht wird. Eine Theorie (Regulation über die Kohlenstoffversorgung) geht von einer Abhängigkeit bzw. Regulation der N 2 -Fixierungsraten entweder durch die Assimilatversorgung der Knöllchen oder von einer Limitierung des nötigen metabolischen Umsatzes der Assimilate in für den Bakteroiden verwertbare Verbindungen aus. In der zweiten Theorie (Regulation über die Sauerstoffversorgung) wird angenommen, dass die Sauerstoffdiffusion in das Knöllchen einer strengen Regulation unterliegt und dies der prinzipielle Regulationsfaktor für die N 2 -Fixierungsraten ist. Die dritte Theorie (ªN-feedbackº-Regulation) besagt, dass ein bisher nicht zweifelsfrei identifiziertes Produkt der Stickstoffixierung oder -assimilation eine ªfeedbackª-Wirkung auf die N 2 -Fixierung ausübt. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst die bis heute gesammelten experimentellen Daten zusammen, die für oder gegen die genannten Theorien sprechen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird diskutiert, auf welche Weise die Regulation der N 2 -Fixierung unter P-Mangelbedingungen erfolgt. Schlieûlich wird diskutiert, ob die Klärung der Ursache der Azetylen-bzw. Argon-induzierten Abnahme der Nitrogenaseaktivität zum Verständnis der Regulation der N 2 -Fixierung beitragen kan...

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“…Bacanamwo and Harper (1996) related shoot C/N ratios and asparagine content to nodule activity in soybean. Moreover, various source-sink manipulations on legume shoots clearly implicate involvement of the shoot N status in regulating N 2 fixation (Fujita et al, 1988a, b;Heim et al, 1993;Ofosu-Budu et al, 1995;Schulze, 2003). However, neither the precise nature of that regulatory factor nor how it affects or actually reaches the nodule to exert a putative regulatory effect is known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nitrogen from senescing lower leaves of common bean is re-translocated to nodules and might be involved in a N-feedback regulation of nitrogen fixation

Fischinger

Drevon

Claassen

et al. 2006

Journal of Plant Physiology

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Analysis of factors controlling dinitrogen fixation and nitrogen release in soybean using pod removal, stem girdling, and defoliation

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Integrated crop–livestock systems in lowlands increase the availability of nutrients to irrigated rice

Integrated crop–livestock systems in lowlands increase the availability of nutrients to irrigated rice

How are nitrogen fixation rates regulated in legumes?

Nitrogen from senescing lower leaves of common bean is re-translocated to nodules and might be involved in a N-feedback regulation of nitrogen fixation

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