Analysis of Flavan-3-ols and Procyanidins in Food Samples by Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)

Abstract

Concentrations of the main dimeric and trimeric procyanidins (PC) and their monomeric constitutive units catechin (CT) and epicatechin (EC) were determined in food samples by using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). In a first step, 12 PCs (PC B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, C1, C2, and A2 and cinnamtannin B1), of which most are not commercially available, were isolated from plant materials or synthesized and purified by a combination of column chromatographic separation techniques with different stationary phases. These PCs in combination with CT and EC were used as standard substances for identification and quantification during the following screening of food samples by RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The main focus of the newly developed RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method is the compensation of matrix effects by using the echo-peak technique simulating internal standard injection. The suitability of this new method was demonstrated by the determination of recovery rates being 90% or higher. Use of this method allowed the determination of patterns and concentrations of PCs in 55 food samples.

The in vitro evaluation of isolated procyanidins as modulators of cytokine-induced eotaxin production in human alveolar epithelial cells

“…In the western diet, fruit are the predominate source of dimeric procyanidins, compounds that consist of two flavon-3-ol units [7]. Cranberries and lingonberries are high in A-type bonded procyanidins such as structurally-defined, procyanidin A2, whereas, apples are a high source of B-type bonded procyanidins such as structurally-defined procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B2 [8]. Polyphenolic metabolites are thought to accumulate in plants as a consequence of stress or pathogenic infiltration [9].…”

Characterization of Active Anthocyanin Degradation in the Petals of Rosa chinensis and Brunfelsia calycina Reveals the Effect of Gallated Catechins on Pigment Maintenance

“…Tannins were extracted as described by Rzeppa et al [47]. One gram of freeze-dried sample was ground into fine powder and homogenized in 15 mL n -hexane by vortexing for 30 s and shaking for 10 min.…”

Ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of polyphenolic profiles in the characterization and classification of cranberry-based pharmaceutical preparations and natural extracts

“…Liquid chromatography (LC) with UV detection or coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are the most common techniques described for the determination of polyphenols and the characterization of a great variety of plants and fruit-based products. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has also been proposed for the analysis and characterization of polyphenols in fruit products. [27][28][29][30] For instance, recently Regueiro et al 30 reported a comprehensive identication of walnut polyphenols by LC-HRMS using a hybrid linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer, being able to reveal for the rst time the presence of 8 polyphenols never reported in this kind of sample.…”

“…[27][28][29][30] For instance, recently Regueiro et al 30 reported a comprehensive identication of walnut polyphenols by LC-HRMS using a hybrid linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer, being able to reveal for the rst time the presence of 8 polyphenols never reported in this kind of sample. In general, most of the proposed LC-MS(/MS) or LC-HRMS methods for the analysis of polyphenols rely on electrospray ionization (ESI) [16][17][18][19][20][21] or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) [22][23][24][25][26] as ionization sources. In 2000, Robb and coworkers 31 developed atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) as a complementary ionization source for LC-MS to expand the application of these techniques to non-polar compounds and compounds which are difficult to ionize by ESI and/or APCI sources.…”