Analysis of Fluoride Content in Alternative Milk Beverages

Abstract

Background The dentist has a responsibility to provide nutritional counseling and fluoride consumption recommendations. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the concentrations of fluoride in a large number of alternative milk beverages and bovine milk. Methods Thirty-three milk alternatives, including 9 diverse types and 11 different brands, were analyzed using a fluoride ion-selective electrode (ISE) and an ISE meter. Fluoride concentrations were then compared among different types and between different brands. Results Fluoride concentration ranged from 0.0071 ppm (Malk® Pure Cashew Milk) to 0.8030 ppm (Almond Breeze® Original Unsweetened Almond Milk) with a mean concentration of 0.3156 ppm. When compared, bovine whole milk (0.0274±0.003 ppm) was found to be significantly lower in fluoride than all samples analyzed except Malk Pure Cashew Milk, Soy Milk Vanilla, Rice Milk, and Pecan Milk. Major differences also existed between the same milk alternative types of different brands. Conclusion The amount of fluoride varies among different types of milk alternatives and different brands. To ensure that the dental team can provide proper recommendations regarding fluoride use, manufacturers should consider placing fluoride concentrations on nutrition labels.

Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European Region

“…Consumption of plant-based foods, such as cereals, fruits, and vegetables, can lead to high intakes of fluoride [12,13]. Fluoride is an essential element that is necessary for enzymatic reactions in the body, as well as in the reduction of dental caries topically [14][15][16]. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) established recommended daily intake (DRI) values for fluoride according to age and sex [17].…”