Analysis of gaseous toxic industrial compounds and chemical warfare agent simulants by atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry

Cotte-Rodríguez, Ismael; Justes, D. R.; Nanita, Sergio C.; Noll, Robert J.; Mulligan, Christopher C.; Sanders, Nathaniel L.; Cooks, R. Graham

doi:10.1039/b513605a

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…All MS conditions are the same as reported previously unless noted [29]. APCI ion source was fashioned from the easily-machined thermoplastic polyether ether ketone (PEEK) [30,31]. A diagram of the APCI/Mini 10.5 is illustrated as Figure 1a.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct detection of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene at trace levels in ambient air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization using a handheld mass spectrometer

Huang

Gao

Duncan

et al. 2010

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The capabilities of a portable mass spectrometer for real-time monitoring of trace levels of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene in air are illustrated. An atmospheric pressure interface was built to implement atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for direct analysis of gas-phase samples on a previously described miniature mass spectrometer (Gao et al. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 5994 -6002). Linear dynamic ranges, limits of detection and other analytical figures of merit were evaluated: for benzene, a limit of detection of 0.2 parts-per-billion was achieved for air samples without any sample preconcentration. The corresponding limits of detection for toluene and ethylbenzene were 0.5 parts-per-billion and 0.7 parts-per-billion, respectively. These detection limits are well below the compounds' permissible exposure levels, even in the presence of added complex mixtures of organics at levels exceeding the parts-per-million level. The linear dynamic ranges of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene are limited to approximately two orders of magnitude by saturation of the detection electronics. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010, 21, 132-135)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct detection of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene at trace levels in ambient air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization using a handheld mass spectrometer

Huang

Gao

Duncan

et al. 2010

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Nerve agents can be detected by conventional analytical devices such as mass spectrometry (MS) [6,7] or tandem liquid chromatography (LC) -MS [8,9]. Also microextraction and LC -MS was found suitable for detection of nerve agents reaction products [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nerve Agents Assay Using Cholinesterase Based Biosensor

et al. 2009

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Electrochemical biosensor based on electric eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (EC 3.1.1.7) was performed for assay of nerve agents -tabun, sarin, soman, cyclosarin, and VX. The biosensor used AChE as biorecognition element. The presence of nerve agents was accompanied by a strong inhibition of AChE activity. Enzyme activity is easily measurable by electrochemical oxidation of thiocholine created from acetylthiocholine (ATChCl) by AChE-catalyzed hydrolysis. The tested nerve agents were successfully assayed. The best limits of detection were achieved for sarin (5.88 Â 10 À10 M) and VX (8.51 Â 10 À10 M) after one-minute assay. The biosensor was found long term stable at low as well as laboratory temperature.

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“…Anhydrous ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) are representative basic, acidic, and organophosphate compounds, respectively. NH 3 is a choking agent that is volatile and colorless with a boiling point of -33.4°C (Fingas 2002;Cotte-Rodriguez et al 2006) and water solubility of 531 g/l at 20°C (Montgomery 2000). HCN is a chemical warfare agent that is categorized as a blood agent and is a volatile colorless compound, completely soluble in water (Romano et al 2008), with a boiling point of 25.7°C (Corn 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Novel activated carbon fiber cloth filter with functionalized silica nanoparticles for adsorption of toxic industrial chemicals

et al. 2015

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Toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) are used for various civilian and military operations but can be hazardous to humans. There is interest in developing filters that can remove a wide range of airborne TICs (e.g., basic, acidic, organophosphate, and aromatic compounds) to reduce exposure in the work place and from terrorist attacks. A regenerable TIC air filter is particularly desirable because it removes the need for costly filter disposal and replacement. This study evaluates commercially available activated carbon fiber cloth (ACFC) and ACFC that has been modified with functionalized nanoparticles for their abilities to adsorb select TICs and for the regenerability of the adsorbents. The unmodified and modified ACFC samples were tested here for their ability to adsorb anhydrous ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) in dry and humid gas streams as representative basic, acidic, and organophosphate compounds, respectively. The unmodified ACFC was not an effective adsorbent for NH 3 (i.e., 2 and 3.1 mg NH 3 /g ACFC at 1000 ppm v NH 3 in dry and humid air respectively) or HCN (no detectable adsorption), but successfully adsorbed 840 mg DMMP/g ACFC at 100 ppm v DMMP. The modified ACFC showed significant improvements for NH 3 and HCN adsorption in dried air (i.e., 19.5 mg NH 3 /g ACFC at 1000 ppm v NH 3 and 4.7 mg HCN/g ACFC at 150 ppm v HCN, respectively) and in humid air (i.e., 41.4 mg NH 3 /g ACFC at 1000 ppm v NH 3 and 1.6 mg HCN/g ACFC at 50 ppm v HCN, respectively) when compared to the unmodified sample. The modified ACFC also showed 2-5 % degradation of its initial dry mass after regeneration and then showed no detectable degradation. The modified ACFC also had similar electrical resistance to that of unmodified ACFC (i.e., within 1 %), indicating that it can be regenerated using electrothermal heating.

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Analysis of gaseous toxic industrial compounds and chemical warfare agent simulants by atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry

Cited by 40 publications

References 72 publications

Direct detection of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene at trace levels in ambient air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization using a handheld mass spectrometer

Direct detection of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene at trace levels in ambient air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization using a handheld mass spectrometer

Nerve Agents Assay Using Cholinesterase Based Biosensor

Novel activated carbon fiber cloth filter with functionalized silica nanoparticles for adsorption of toxic industrial chemicals

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