Analysis of gonial angle in relation to age, gender, and dentition status by radiological and anthropometric methods

Abstract

Background:With development and function, the mandibular angle has shown changes in size and shape. A variation in mandibular angle with age, gender, and even the dental status has been observed, which is supported by radiographic and anthropometric studies.Aims:The aim of this study were to evaluate relationship between complete loss of teeth and changes in the gonial angle; the study further intends to evaluate any variation in gonial angle with age and gender. The study intends to assess the reliability and accuracy of age and gender determination using gonial angle as a parameter.Materials and Methods:A total of 185 subjects (91 males; 89 females) were included in the study and were divided into five groups on the basis of the chronological age. Physico-forensic anthropometry and lateral cephalometric methods were used to record the gonial angle.Results:The present study shows a definite decrease in the gonial angle with advancing age, but the intergroup analysis does not follow a significant pattern. The study showed no correlation of gonial angle with gender. However, the study observed a 6° increase in gonial angle for edentulous subjects.Conclusion:Gonial angle has been used as an adjuvant forensic parameter, but its reliability is questionable, as the mandible does not follow one characteristic pattern. Gonial angle does show changes with dentition status, which may be attributed to physiologic function of the mandible. However, when evidence is scanty, it can be used to direct the investigation.

The Morphological Changes in the Mandible Bone: The Effects of Age, Gender and Dental Status

“…Two papers were not in agreement with our results (3,28). The difference may result from using different radiographic method in their study (cephalometric radiography).…”

“…It was concluded that dental status had no effect on GA (6,8,9,31-33), but it was also reported that GA also decrease and the GA increase and decrase with the tooth loss (3,7,7,11,22,28,34,35) In present study, only in males, it was observed that the GA is shown changes according to the dental status on both sides. Above 40 years dentate males had significantly smaller GA on both sides than the other dental groups in males.…”

Evaluation of the Craniofacial Morphology of Egyptian Adults Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment

“…The radiographs were then traced and measured by a single examiner at Showa University in Tokyo with Power Cephalo software (ReazaNet Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) to analyze the craniofacial morphology. A total of 19 hard-tissue and 5 soft-tissue reference points were localized on the radiographs (Tables 1 and 2 and Figure 1), and 24 angular (Table 3) and seven linear (Table 4) measurements were analyzed) [16][17][18]. The same software was used to correct all of the linear measurements for magnification differences.…”

Comparison Between Three Methods of Gonial Angle Formation on Lateral Cephalogram and Orthopantomogram

“…It also has a key role in forensic sciences, as it can be used to asses age in extreme situations (i.e; mass destruction, murderous mutilation, missing individuals, etc.). 8,9 Gonial angle has a key role during cephalometric analysis as it gives a valuable guideline to predict growth pattern and rotation of the mandible. In hyperdivergent or high angle cases the gonial angle tends to be increased (i.e; obtuse), which is depicted by downward and backward rotation of the mandible.…”