Analysis of Hairline and Forehead Sexual Dimorphic Aesthetics in 60 Celebrities Using Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Background: Upper facial third morphometrics are an important consideration in aesthetic facial surgery and facial gender-affirming surgery. Although there are generally accepted sexual dimorphic differences, an in-depth analysis of forehead morphometrics in attractive individuals is lacking. Methods: Thirty white female and 30 white male celebrities were included. Three full-face front-view photographs of each celebrity were evaluated by a facial analysis program, using Vision framework and MATLAB. After converting pixel distances to absolute distances, midline and lateral forehead heights were calculated and compared between men and women. Results: Forehead height was similar between attractive men and women, but forehead width was shorter in women. Analysis of forehead height at various points along the hairline demonstrated that forehead measurements above the lateral brow and brow peak were significantly greater in men. Mean forehead height above the lateral eyebrow was 3.51 cm in women and 4.16 cm in men (P = 0.017). Forehead height above the eyebrow peak was 4.34 cm in women and 5.55 cm in men (P < 0.001). Medial forehead height was similar between men and women, indicating that the greatest difference in attractive male and female foreheads is in the lateral forehead and forehead width. Conclusions: Analysis of attractive white celebrities demonstrated no significant differences in central forehead heights between men and women. Forehead width and lateral forehead height were significantly smaller in women, with an overall downward slanting contour. Male hairlines were more horizontal and slanting upward laterally. These results have implications in facial rejuvenation and facial gender-affirming surgery.

Facial Morphometrics in Black Celebrities: Contemporary Facial Analysis Using an Artificial Intelligence Platform

“…This average difference was found to be 1.17 ± 1.14 mm ( p -value = 0.96). Additionally, this method of facial analysis was conducted in white celebrities for full facial analysis and hairline analysis [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Exploring the evolution of facial feminization and masculinization surgery: a bibliometric analysis and visualization study

“…The most prominent keyword is “forehead” ( n = 52), which is considered one of the most critical regions in FFS-FMS operations. Many commonly held opinions suggest that the morphometry of the upper third of the face plays a crucial role in determining facial beauty [ 19 ]. The preoperative analysis and planning of the upper third of the face, which exhibits distinctive features between the male and female sexes, is also of great importance [ 19 ].…”

“…Many commonly held opinions suggest that the morphometry of the upper third of the face plays a crucial role in determining facial beauty [ 19 ]. The preoperative analysis and planning of the upper third of the face, which exhibits distinctive features between the male and female sexes, is also of great importance [ 19 ]. While forehead contouring surgery is not a novel subject, discussions about the severity of complications arising from procedures in this area and strategies to mitigate these morbidities are still among the popular topics [ 20 ].…”