Analysis of hammer movement based on a parametrically excited pendulum model

Ohta, Ken; Umegaki, Koji; Murofushi, Koji; Zhang, Luo

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.132

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Recently there has been increasing amounts of research into the acceleration mechanism of the hammer. 15,[50][51][52] The mechanism for increasing or decreasing the radius of rotation involves posture adjustments at the hip and shoulders during the course of the turns. 45,46 The ''Russian Model'' served as the basis for this area of technique 12,25 for instructing the subject.…”

Section: Accelerating the Ballmentioning

confidence: 99%

The integration of sport science and coaching: A case study of an American junior record holder in the hammer throw

Judge

Judge²,

Bellar

et al. 2016

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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The purpose of this case study was to describe the integration of sport science and coaching that helped to produce an American junior record of 68.12 m in the women's hammer throw in 2012. Two digital video cameras (Canon Elura 60) running at 60 Hz were placed to view Shelby Ashe's best throws at the 2010 USATF Nationals (61.77 m), 2011 USATF Junior Nationals (58.34 m), and 2012 USATF Junior Nationals (68.12 m American junior record). Following each competition, the coach collaborated with the sport scientist and chair of USATF coach's education to review and evaluate each of the throws. The record setting throw by Ashe was 1.49 s in duration from right foot lift off and produced a release velocity of 26.8 m/s. During the throw, Ashe spent 50.35% of the duration of the throw in double support. Improvements in technique focused on strategies designed to increase velocity of the head of the hammer.

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Section: Accelerating the Ballmentioning

confidence: 99%

The integration of sport science and coaching: A case study of an American junior record holder in the hammer throw

Judge

Judge²,

Bellar

et al. 2016

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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“…During the revolutions, the movement of the centers of mass can be broken down into their vertical and horizontal components. According to Murofushi et al ( 2007 ) and Ohta et al ( 2010 ) the horizontal component has a lower influence on the throw length than the vertical one. The vertical component shows a cyclical oscillation at each revolution for all three centers of mass (Dapena, 1984 ).…”

Section: Kinematics Of Center Of Massmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In fact, the left foot is always in contact with the circle of throw across which it translates with a series of shifts from heel to toe. This way, the thrower passes from the rear edge of the circle of throw to the front edge, from which the distance traveled by the hammer, i.e., the throw performance, is measured (Ohta et al, 2010 ; Brice et al, 2011 ). Simultaneously, the right foot alternates between phases in which it is in contact with the circle of throw and phases in which it is raised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the turns, the DS phase usually begins with azimuthal angles of 230°- 270° and ends with azimuthal angles of 40°-90° depending on the technique of the thrower (Bondarchuck, 1987 ) ( Figure 2 ). The last phase of the throw is the release, in which the thrower is positioned with both feet on the circle of throw and extends the legs and hips with a simultaneous rotation of the upper body just before releasing the implement at about 90° azimuth ( Figure 2 ) (Dapena, 1984 , 1986 ; Susanka, 1986 ; Dapena and Feltner, 1989 ; Dapena and Mc Donald, 1989 ; Murofushi et al, 2005 ; Ohta et al, 2010 ; Brice et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanics of the Hammer Throw: Narrative Review

Castaldi

Borzuola

Camomilla

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Hammer throw is a discipline characterized by unique biomechanical features, which have often captured the interest of scientists and coaches in athletics. However, most studies have been published on technical journals for coaches and there are only few works on the biomechanical aspects of hammer throw in scientific literature. This narrative review provides a critical evaluation of the articles published in scientific and the most relevant technical journals with a particular focus on the biomechanical aspects that underlie the throwing technique and contribute to performance enhancement. The modern throwing technique has many elements in common with that used by the best throwers in the Eighties, underlying a limited development in the biomechanical understanding of throwing motion in recent years. This review analyses the ballistic and environmental aspects of the discipline as well as the motion of the center of mass of both the hammer and thrower. Furthermore, the orbital movement of the hammer and the forces involved in the throw are evaluated. This review emphasizes the kinematic and dynamic parameters that emerge as the most relevant to improve the throwing performance. Among these, linear release velocity appears to be a fundamental element. To maximize this variable, the athlete is required to accelerate the hammer by applying force. The curve of the time-tangential velocity of the hammer follows a trajectory very similar to that of the forces applied to the hammer-thrower system indicating a strong relationship between the two variables. The thrower uses the action of the leg muscles to gain momentum, which is then transferred to the hammer through the trunk and arm muscles, thus obtaining an increase of the linear release velocity. This review provides coaches with a critical analysis of the hammer throw technique, highlighting relevant factors for future development of training programmes. Our work reveals a substantial gap in the literature, particularly concerning the evaluation of fundamental key aspects of the throw such as the assessment of preliminary winds, the entry to the first turn and the definition of the rotation axes involved in the throw. A more in-depth analysis of these key elements is required to improve the understanding of the biomechanics of hammer throw.

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“…Teniendo en cuenta que el lanzamiento de martillo es un movimiento circular, donde la cabeza del martillo describe giros alrededor del eje longitudinal (coincidente con la bisectriz del sector de lanzamiento), y en función de la expresión (v = ω • r), se puede deducir que el incremento en la velocidad tangencial del martillo puede producirse (Hay, 1980): a) incrementando el radio de giro, b) incrementando la velocidad angular, y c) incrementando ambas a la vez. Este mecanismo de aceleración del artefacto para incrementar el rendimiento ha sido estudiado desde el punto de vista de la cinética (Bartonietz, 1994;Brice et al, 2011;Dapena & Feltner, 1989;Kobayashi & Kaneko, 1980;Maheras, 2009;Murofushi, Sakurai, Umegaki, & Takamatsu, 2007;Ohta, Umegaki, Murofushi, & Luo, 2010;Susanka, Stepanek, Miskos, & Terauds, 1986).…”

Section: Velocidad Lineal De Salidaunclassified

Descripción de la biomecánica del lanzamiento de martillo (Biomechanic description of hammer throw)

Frutos¹

2015

Retos

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Todo movimiento posee una estructura biomecánica cinemática y cinética. El presente artículo realiza una revisión de los factores biomecánicos cinemáticos que inciden en la ejecución técnica del lanzamiento de martillo, determinando su eficacia, y que permiten explicar cómo y por qué se realizan determinadas acciones. Se parte de una descripción global y genérica de la prueba para progresar hasta el análisis técnico y biomecánico de los movimientos que se producen. Para ello, el movimiento se divide en diferentes fases o partes en función de la temporalidad de las acciones y de las divisiones realizadas por la bibliografía. A partir de esta división, se realiza un análisis de los movimientos para comprender los principios teóricos que rigen las acciones técnicas y las posibilidades de optimización de la técnica.Palabras clave: cinemática, rendimiento, atletismo, técnica.Abstract: any movement has a kinematic and kinetic biomechanical structure. This article reviews the kinematic factors affecting the technical execution of the hammer throw, determining their effectiveness, and explaining how and why actions are performed. It progress from a global and generic description to a technical and biomechanical analysis of movements. To do this, the movement is divided into different phases or parts depending on the timing occurrence and divisions by the literature. From this division, an analysis of the movements is made to understand theoretical principles governing the technique execution and possibilities to optimize technique.Keywords: kinematics, performance, athletics, technique.

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Analysis of hammer movement based on a parametrically excited pendulum model

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

The integration of sport science and coaching: A case study of an American junior record holder in the hammer throw

The integration of sport science and coaching: A case study of an American junior record holder in the hammer throw

Biomechanics of the Hammer Throw: Narrative Review

Descripción de la biomecánica del lanzamiento de martillo (Biomechanic description of hammer throw)

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