Analysis of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology in Japan from 1985–2011-Infection Detection Pattern for Male Homosexuals Different from That for Male Heterosexuals but Similar to That for Females

HIV/AIDS in Japan: Route and Age of Infection that Shaped the Epidemics in 1987–2016

“…5B, the ratio between the number of "AIDS" and that of "HIV" (AIDS/HIV) was plotted against the age of the patients from 1987 to 2016. With the advancement of age, the ratio continued rising in male heterosexuals (•), while the ratio stopped increasing in male homosexuals aged 40-50 years (○) and in females (□) as reported previously (2). Thus, the above pattern remained unchanged from the start of the HIV/AIDS Fig.…”

“…We reported that HIV infection was detected more frequently as "HIV" in male homosexuals and females than in male heterosexuals, and in younger populations than in older populations. We attributed the former to the route of infection and the latter to immunological senescence (2). However, the influence of behavioral factors cannot be excluded: "older male heterosexuals rarely visit clinics as they neglect the risk of developing AIDS," "they are reluctant in admitting their homosexual behavior," etc.…”

Geo-Demography of HIV/AIDS in Japan from 1985 to 2011: Incidence and Transmission Mode under Influence of Population Size/Density

“…10A and B). In addition, the different detection pattern between homosexual and heterosexual individuals could be brought about by biological reasons (10).…”

The Prevalence of High Antiretroviral Coverage and Viral Suppression in Japan: an Excellent Profile for a Downstream Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Spectrum

“…Since then, the annual number of newly diagnosed cases has increased yearly, until this number plateaued at approximately 1,500 cases per year in 2007 ( Fig. 1) (1). Although the increase in the number of new cases has leveled off, it has not decreased further, and the total number of HIVseropositive cases has been accumulating continuously and linearly, exceeding 23,000 in 2013 (2).…”