Analysis of human locomotion by recording sole-floor reaction forces from anatomically discrete points

Warabi, Tateo; Κato, Masamichi; Kiriyama, Kiichi; Yoshida, Takehiko; Kobayashi, Nozomu

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2004.08.009

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It could help in detecting changes due to diseases of the central [ 11 – 13 ] or peripheral nervous system [ 14 ], and in estimating the evolution of the walking disorder or the potential advantage of gait rehabilitation [ 15 , 16 ]. Plantar pressure analysis from different points of the foot sole [ 17 ] has a high degree of reliability [ 18 , 19 ], and can be useful and appropriate for such assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The generation of centripetal force when walking in a circle: insight from the distribution of ground reaction forces recorded by plantar insoles

Turcato

Godi

Giordano

et al. 2015

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

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BackgroundTurning involves complex reorientation of the body and is accompanied by asymmetric motion of the lower limbs. We investigated the distribution of the forces under the two feet, and its relation to the trajectory features and body medio-lateral displacement during curved walking.MethodsTwenty-six healthy young participants walked under three different randomized conditions: in a straight line (LIN), in a circular clockwise path and in a circular counter-clockwise path. Both feet were instrumented with Pedar-X insoles. An accelerometer was fixed to the trunk to measure the medio-lateral inclination of the body. We analyzed walking speed, stance duration as a percent of gait cycle (%GC), the vertical component of the ground reaction force (vGRF) of both feet during the entire stance, and trunk inclination.ResultsGait speed was faster during LIN than curved walking, but not affected by the direction of the curved trajectory. Trunk inclination was negligible during LIN, while the trunk was inclined toward the center of the path during curved trajectories. Stance duration of LIN foot and foot inside the curved trajectory (Foot-In) was longer than for foot outside the trajectory (Foot-Out). vGRF at heel strike was larger in LIN than in curved walking. At mid-stance, vGRF for both Foot-In and Foot-Out was higher than for LIN foot. At toe off, vGRF for both Foot-In and Foot-Out was lower than for LIN foot; in addition, Foot-In had lower vGRF than Foot-Out. During curved walking, a greater loading of the lateral heel occurred for Foot-Out than Foot-In and LIN foot. On the contrary, a smaller lateral loading of the heel was found for Foot-In than LIN foot. At the metatarsal heads, an opposite behaviour was seen, since lateral loading decreased for Foot-Out and increased for Foot-In.ConclusionsThe lower gait speed during curved walking is shaped by the control of trunk inclination and the production of asymmetric loading of heel and metatarsal heads, hence by the different contribution of the feet in producing the body inclination towards the centre of the trajectory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The generation of centripetal force when walking in a circle: insight from the distribution of ground reaction forces recorded by plantar insoles

Turcato

Godi

Giordano

et al. 2015

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

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“…In-shoe systems do not have this limitation, since several consecutive footsteps can be measured, making it possible to investigate the circumstances leading up to, and following, a particular footstep. Furthermore, forces recorded at anatomical landmarks can characterize weight shifts [21] and gait changes [22] in healthy volunteers as well as hemiplegic subjects [23]. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the cyclic modulation of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex elicited by stimulation at different skin sites and at different phases of the gait cycle in healthy volunteers using an in-shoe system based on Force Sensitive Resistors (FSR) placed at anatomical landmarks under the feet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Withdrawal reflexes examined during human gait by ground reaction forces: site and gait phase dependency

Emborg

Spaich

Andersen

2008

Med Biol Eng Comput

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The objective of this study was to investigate the modulation of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex during gait measured using Force Sensitive Resistors (FSR). Electrical stimulation was delivered to four locations on the sole of the foot at three different time points between heel-off and toe-off. Peak force changes were measured by FSRs attached to the big toe, distal to the first and fourth metatarsophalangeal joints, and the medial process of the calcaneus on both feet. Force changes were assessed in five gait sub-phases. The painful stimulation led to increased ipsilateral unloading (10 +/- 1 N) and contralateral loading (12 +/- 1 N), which were dependent on stimulation site and phase. In contrast, the hallux of the ipsilateral foot plantar flexed, thus facilitating the push-off. The highest degree of plantar flexion (23 +/- 10 N; range, 8-44 N) was seen in the second double support phase following the stimulation. Site and phase modulation of the reflex were detected in the force signals from all selected anatomical landmarks. In the kinematic responses, both site and phase modulation were observed. For stimulations near toe-off, withdrawal was primarily accomplished by ankle dorsiflexion, while the strategy for stimulations at heel-off was flexion of the knee and hip joints.

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“…EMG activities were recorded from bilateral soleus and tibialis anterior muscles concurrently with sole-floor reactionforces (Kiriyama et al 2004;Warabi et al 2004;Warabi and Kato 2009). EMG activity was recorded by bipolar surface electrodes (diameter 15 mm) which were placed on each muscle with an inter-electrode distance of 5 cm.…”

Section: Emg Recording and Sole-floor Reaction Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

Gait bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease: a change in the motor program which controls the synergy of gait

et al. 2017

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Analysis of human locomotion by recording sole-floor reaction forces from anatomically discrete points

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

The generation of centripetal force when walking in a circle: insight from the distribution of ground reaction forces recorded by plantar insoles

The generation of centripetal force when walking in a circle: insight from the distribution of ground reaction forces recorded by plantar insoles

Withdrawal reflexes examined during human gait by ground reaction forces: site and gait phase dependency

Gait bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease: a change in the motor program which controls the synergy of gait

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