Analysis of induced interior air flow in subway train cabin due to accelerating and decelerating

The mechanical drilling process is a typical step in treating bone fractures to fix broken parts with screws and plates. Drilling generates a significant amount of heat and elevates the temperature of the bone, which can cause thermal osteonecrosis and damage to the surrounding bone tissue and nerves. Thermal inertia between heat flux and temperature gradient in nonhomogeneous interior structural medium-like biological tissues is arguable. Therefore, this paper proposes an analytical model of heat propagation in bone drilling for orthopedic surgery based on the hyperbolic Pennes bioheat transfer equation (HPBTE). Drilling experiments in bovine cortical bone samples were also carried out using an infrared thermography approach to confirm the proposed analytical model. Around the drilled hole surface, thermal necrosis is spread out from 1 to 10 mm. Increased feed rate reduces necrosis penetration distance and increases intense bone necrosis. The HPBTE includes thermal relaxation time effect and internal convective function of tissue perfusion rate. As these factors are not considered in the parabolic heat transfer equation (PHTE), the results show that the HPBTE is more accurate in predicting temperature and thermal osteonecrosis than the PHTE. As a result, proposed analytical model is a handy tool for calculating temperature to avoid thermal damage while improving process efficiency. Furthermore, it has the capability of controlling the manual or robotic drilling procedure for minimally invasive operations.

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“…So that, the closed-form solution of equation ( 11) can be determined after simplification as follows 29,30 :…”

Section: Solution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of non-Fourier bioheat transfer on bone drilling temperature in orthopedic surgery: Theoretical and in vitro experimental investigation

Kabiri

Talaee

2022

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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“…The following Eigen function is considered as the solution of equation ( 4) by applying the boundary conditions (equation ( 5)) [27][28][29][30] :…”

Section: Analytical Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Fourier bioheat model for bone grinding with application to skull base neurosurgery

Kabiri

Talaee

2021

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Bone grinding is used to remove the skull bone and access tumors through the nasal passage during cranial base neurosurgery. The generated heat of the spherical diamond tool propagates and could damage the nerves or coagulate the arteries blood. Little is known about the non-Fourier behavior of heat propagation during bone grinding. Therefore, this study develops an analytical model of the hyperbolic Pennes bioheat transfer equation (HPBTE) to calculate the three-dimensional temperature and necrosis in the grinding region. In vitro experimental investigations were carried out, and the contact zone temperature was measured using an infrared thermography system to validate the proposed thermal model. The results demonstrate that the HPBTE provides more reliable temperature evaluation and thermal damage than Fourier or parabolic heat transfer equation (PHTE). Due to the low thermal diffusivity of the bone, the lower grinding feed rate leads to higher temperature amplitude and a smaller radius of the affected zone in the surface and depth of the bone. Also, the intensity of bone necrosis decreases with the increase of the feed rate, and the shape of the damage zone becomes stretched. This analytical model can assess the potential risk of the surgery before clinical trials. Also, it could be used for comparing the different operating conditions to minimize bone necrosis and improve the control process in neurosurgeries.

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“…Therefore, the definition of the Internet of Things is to connect any item to the Internet through radio frequency identification, infrared sensors, global positioning system, laser scanner and other information sensing devices, according to the agreed agreement, to exchange and communicate information, so as to realize the intelligent identification, location, tracking, monitoring and management of items. Species network [33]- [35].…”

Section: Internet Of Things Big Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Adaptive Iterative Learning Control of Air Pressure in Railway Tunnel With IOTs Data

2020

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When a train enters a tunnel, the passengers in the train will feel tinnitus. The main reason is that the pressure in the tunnel enters the vehicle through the adjusting system of the train, which will cause discomfort to the passengers. In this paper, according to the quasi-periodicity and repeatability of mass data in the process of train running in tunnels, a control method based on the IOTs big data is proposed, and an adaptive iterative learning control algorithm based on the IOTs big data is established. The fan operation frequency of ventilation system is regulated by adaptive iterative learning control algorithm, and can adjust the new air and exhaust gas of the ventilation system in real time to restrain the pressure fluctuation in the train. Finally, the simulation results show that the adaptive iterative learning control algorithm based on the Internet of Things can significantly reduce the amplitude of pressure fluctuation in the tunnel and the change rate of the ventilator, and improve the passenger comfort program. Moreover, the real-time measured data also show that the proposed closed-loop adaptive iterative learning control algorithm based on the Internet of Things is obviously superior to active control. INDEX TERMS Train in tunnel, pressure fluctuation, Internet of Things, adaptive iterative learning control.

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Analysis of induced interior air flow in subway train cabin due to accelerating and decelerating

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of non-Fourier bioheat transfer on bone drilling temperature in orthopedic surgery: Theoretical and in vitro experimental investigation

Effects of non-Fourier bioheat transfer on bone drilling temperature in orthopedic surgery: Theoretical and in vitro experimental investigation

Non-Fourier bioheat model for bone grinding with application to skull base neurosurgery

Research on Adaptive Iterative Learning Control of Air Pressure in Railway Tunnel With IOTs Data

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