Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Kinetics Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide Hydrates in High Pressure Flow Systems

Zhang, Shuwei; Pan, Zhejun; Shang, Liyan; Zhou, Li

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02060

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Thus far, the hydrate high-pressure flow loop devices are one of the most effective methods to truly simulate the multiphase flow state in the actual pipeline. It usually includes a gas injection and liquid injection system, cool system, data acquisition system, test pipe section, etc . The schematic diagram of the hydrate loop device is shown in Figure .…”

Section: Technology and Equipment For Hydrate Formation And Depositio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It usually includes a gas injection and liquid injection system, cool system, data acquisition system, test pipe section, etc. 44 The schematic diagram of the hydrate loop device is shown in Figure 3. The flow state parameters of the hydrate slurry in the loop can be accurately measured through the built-in sensor and imported to the computer through the data acquisition system.…”

Section: Technology and Equipment For Hydratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrate Deposition Model and Flow Assurance Technology in Gas-Dominant Pipeline Transportation Systems: A Review

et al. 2022

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With the exploration and development of natural gas gradually extended to the deep sea, low-temperature and high-pressure environmental conditions and long-distance transportation make flow assurance engineers have to consider the impact of the formation and blockage of natural gas hydrates on the flow stability in the pipeline. Therefore, an inadequate understanding of the hydrate formation and plugging mechanism in a gas-rich (gas-dominant) system has become a serious obstacle to the prediction of hydrate formation and implementation of blocking prevention and control strategies. To this end, this review has conducted a comprehensive review of recent experimental investigations into hydrate formation and blockage in gas-rich systems in flow loop devices, and the physical models to characterize the clogging mechanism of hydrates established by previous scholars were summarized. In addition, the three flow patterns of the gas-rich system were divided, and the hydrate deposition mechanism corresponding to each flow pattern and the prediction model of the deposition layer thickness was summarized. Eventually, the natural gas hydrate mitigation and prophylaxis and restrain strategies used in the process of deep-sea natural gas transportation were summarized, including advantages and disadvantages of natural gas dehydration, changing the gas flow rate, and adding chemical inhibitors. The advantages and feasibility of an under-inhibited system and changing the gas flow rate for the management and prevention of hydrate blockage were emphasized. The conclusion can improve the safety index of natural gas development and transportation operations and reduce the output loss of natural gas energy and economic loss of hydrate anti-blocking.

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Section: Technology and Equipment For Hydrate Formation And Depositio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technology and Equipment For Hydratementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrate Deposition Model and Flow Assurance Technology in Gas-Dominant Pipeline Transportation Systems: A Review

et al. 2022

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“…The occurrence of a sudden pressure drop was considered to be the end of the induction time, and the time difference between the two points was taken as the hydrate induction time. This interpretation was slightly different from Zhang’s definition in which the point of a sudden drop in pressure and temperature rise was taken as the end of the induction time . After many experiments, it was not found that there was an obvious temperature surge in the loop, which may be because the nucleation rate of the CH 4 hydrate was slower than that of the CO 2 hydrate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Therefore, the sensitivity analysis of the three influencing factors was carried out in this work using the standard regression coefficient method. The mathematical model is shown as follows: ,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This interpretation was slightly different from Zhang's definition in which the point of a sudden drop in pressure and temperature rise was taken as the end of the induction time. 40 After many experiments, it was not found that there was an obvious temperature surge in the loop, which may be because the nucleation rate of the CH 4 hydrate was slower than that of the CO 2 hydrate. The temperature change of each temperature measurement point in the loop is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Calculation Of Gas Consumption and Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of SDS on the Formation and Blockage Characteristics of the CH₄ Hydrate in a Flow Loop

Zang

Huang

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Hydrate is easily formed in deep-sea pipelines and brings serious flow assurance problems, so it is necessary to look for appropriate hydrate control strategies. In this work, the effects of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on hydrate growth and flow characteristics in the methane−water system were investigated under horizontal and tilted conditions using a highpressure flow loop, and the growth and plugging rules of hydrates in the SDS solution and the effects of different flow rates and tilt angles on hydrate induction time and plugging time were obtained. The experimental results show that hydrates can be easily deposited on the tube wall in the freshwater system. After the addition of SDS, the hydrate can hardly deposit on the wall, allowing the hydrate slurry to flow stably for a long time and a higher volume fraction. The volume fraction of hydrates in the freshwater system is plugged at less than 15%, while in the SDS solution, hydrate slurry can flow steadily for a longer time at more than 30% volume fraction. Although increasing the flow rate reduces the hydrate induction time, the plugging time is significantly prolonged. With the increase in the inclination angle of the loop, hydrate particles with larger particle sizes are more likely to appear, and the time until blockage is decreased. The flow rate in the loop decreases with increasing hydrate particle size. The sensitivity analysis of different influence factors was carried out by the linear regression coefficient method, and the initial flow rate has the most influence on the hydrate induction time, followed by the initial pressure, and the inclination angle has the least influence. This work provides insights into the flow characteristics of the hydrate in the SDS solution, which facilitates the flow assurance studies of hydrates in the gas−water system.

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Effect of anti‐Agglomerants on carbon dioxide hydrate formation in oil–water systems

Huang,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Can J Chem Eng

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The experiments in high‐pressure pipelines simulate the formation and fluid of hydrate under deep‐sea conditions, which has practical significance for the deep‐sea landfill of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the safe running of oil and gas pipelines. In this paper, pure water, white oil, CO2, and arquad 2C‐75 were used to study the formation and flow characteristics of CO2 hydrate in the oil–water system with the help of a loop device, and the growth morphology of hydrate was observed through the view‐window on the loop. The experimental results show that in the low water cut system without anti‐agglomerates, hydrate mainly forms on the surface of water droplets and the surface of the free water layer at the bottom of the loop. In the high water cut system, hydrate forms on the pipe wall in the form of hydrate film. Increasing water cuts can shorten the induction period of hydrate formation. Anti‐agglomerates in the oil–water system can inhibit the growth of hydrate film on the pipe wall effectively. Anti‐agglomerates can shorten the induction time of hydrate formation.

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Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Kinetics Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide Hydrates in High Pressure Flow Systems

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Hydrate Deposition Model and Flow Assurance Technology in Gas-Dominant Pipeline Transportation Systems: A Review

Hydrate Deposition Model and Flow Assurance Technology in Gas-Dominant Pipeline Transportation Systems: A Review

Effect of SDS on the Formation and Blockage Characteristics of the CH₄ Hydrate in a Flow Loop

Effect of anti‐Agglomerants on carbon dioxide hydrate formation in oil–water systems

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Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Kinetics Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide Hydrates in High Pressure Flow Systems

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Hydrate Deposition Model and Flow Assurance Technology in Gas-Dominant Pipeline Transportation Systems: A Review

Hydrate Deposition Model and Flow Assurance Technology in Gas-Dominant Pipeline Transportation Systems: A Review

Effect of SDS on the Formation and Blockage Characteristics of the CH4 Hydrate in a Flow Loop

Effect of anti‐Agglomerants on carbon dioxide hydrate formation in oil–water systems

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Effect of SDS on the Formation and Blockage Characteristics of the CH₄ Hydrate in a Flow Loop