Analysis of Intrafamilial Correlations, Serum Levels of IGM and the Human X-Chromosome

Escobar, Victor; Bixler, David

doi:10.1159/000153062

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…But, in reference books, theses normal values are different; for example, Kratz and Lewandrowski reported a lower range of IgG in adults, i.e., 800 mg/dL. [30,31] In this study, the number of female subjects was lower than for males; perhaps, by making subject ratio equal, differences of IgM would be lower or higher. Generally, human subjects throughout the world show differences, though small, in serum immunoglobulin levels; this is due, presumably, to environmental, nutritional, health, and ethnic variations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Normal Value of Immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgM in Iranian Healthy Adults, Measured by Nephelometry

Kardar

Shams

Pourpak

et al. 2003

Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry

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Local reference ranges of immunoglobulins are required for studies and clinical interpretation. In this study, serum levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM in 914 Iranian healthy adult blood donor volunteers, aged 18-55 years, were measured by nephelometry. Our data showed that serum reference intervals of IgA, IgG, and IgM in subjects were 72-375, 636-1518, and 39-283 mg/dL, respectively. Data analysis showed a significant difference between the male and female subjects only for IgM; thus, the means of IgM in females were higher than for males (p < 0.05). Correlation coefficient r for paired samples showed no statistically significant relationship between age and each Ig (p > 0.05). Comparison of this study with others demonstrated that results are similar; some differences are probably related to ethnic differences. Therefore, our results can be considered as a source of reliable local reference for use in laboratories.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Normal Value of Immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgM in Iranian Healthy Adults, Measured by Nephelometry

Kardar

Shams

Pourpak

et al. 2003

Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry

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“…Even though CVID females had larger numbers of switched memory cells, the well-known female sex-bias in autoimmune diseases [44] was not observed in this population, nor in other recently analyzed CVID populations [3,28]. The reasons for this sexual dimorphism are unclear, however, the level of serum IgM, a measure of B cell function, has been known for decades to be linked to the numbers of X chromosomes, as determined in a number of studies in which subjects with 1 to 4 X chromosomes were examined [45,46]. The underlying reasons for this remain unknown, although a number of genes on the X chromosome are known to permit or prevent B cell development, CD40L being the best example [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Memory B cells in common variable immunodeficiency: Clinical associations and sex differences

Sánchez-Ramón

Radigan

et al. 2008

Clinical Immunology

131

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Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by impaired antibody responses, recurrent infections, inflammatory, autoimmune and malignancyrelated conditions. We evaluated the relationship between memory B cell phenotype, sex, age at diagnosis, immunologic and clinical conditions in 105 CVID subjects from one medical center. Reduced numbers of switched memory B cells (cutoff ≤0.55% of B cells) were an independent risk factor of granulomas, autoimmune diseases and splenomegaly (p<0.001). Not previously noted, CVID females had significantly more switched memory cells (p=0.007) than males. Splenectomized subjects did not have fewer IgM memory B cells and these numbers were not related to the development of lung disease, as previously proposed. Lower baseline serum IgG was an independent predictor of pneumonia (p=0.007) and severe infections (p=0.001). We conclude that outcomes in CVID depend on an interplay of factors including sex, numbers of switched memory B cells, and baseline serum IgG and IgA levels.

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Sexual dimorphism of heritability of immunoglobulin levels

Kacprzak-Bergman¹

1994

Annals of Human Biology

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Heritability of IgA, IgG and IgM levels was studied in 85 MZ and DZ twin pairs of both sexes. Immunoglobulin concentrations were determined by single radial diffusion. Significantly higher geometric mean of IgM level in females than males was demonstrated. Heritability coefficients h2, F and VG/VE were higher in male than female twins. This suggests that genetic factors play a more important role in males as compared with females in regulating the three immunoglobulin levels. Quantitative comparison of genetic variances of both sexes indicated slightly greater genetic influence in the case of IgA in females. Environmental variances of IgA and IgM levels were also higher in females than males.

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Analysis of Intrafamilial Correlations, Serum Levels of IGM and the Human X-Chromosome

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Normal Value of Immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgM in Iranian Healthy Adults, Measured by Nephelometry

Normal Value of Immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgM in Iranian Healthy Adults, Measured by Nephelometry

Memory B cells in common variable immunodeficiency: Clinical associations and sex differences

Sexual dimorphism of heritability of immunoglobulin levels

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