Analysis of ionospheric TEC anomalies for global earthquakes during 2000-2019 with respect to earthquake magnitude (Mw≥6.0)

Yalçınkaya, Mualla; Kayıkçı, Emine Tanır; Öztürk, Serkan; Kandemir, Raif; Karsli, H.

doi:10.1016/j.jog.2020.101721

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In the scientific community, there is no consensus on a scientific mechanism to explain recorded ionospheric fluctuation related to earthquakes. Many researchers have seen changes in ionospheric TEC prior to an earthquake [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. According to Parrot [25], the piezoelectric and turbo-electric effects are more likely to be involved in the propagation of the direct wave caused by the compression of rocks near the epicenter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(TEC is Total Electron Content, Also known as electron density in 1 m 2 . Which is 1 TCEU = 1×10 16 electron/m 2 were recorded above the seismic regions. The troposphere is the closest layer to the earth's surface; therefore, it is the densest layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This data shows the maximum VTEC of each day for all 60 days. TEC greater than 7.17778×1016 TECU (Total electron content unit) indicates an anomaly in VTEC as we can see that most of the yellow and red lines are in the regions close to the epicenter of the earthquake. The white arrow shows the day of the earthquake.…”

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confidence: 88%

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Anomalous Variations in Ionosphere TEC Before the Earthquakes of 2021 in the Different Parts of the Globe

et al. 2023

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The present article shows the satellite-based TEC data analysis for 6 earthquakes (M ≥ 6.0) from specific parts of the earth that occurred in 2021 during the low solar radiation period. In search of pre-earthquake signatures in the ionosphere, the study of the data of GPS-based TEC before the earthquake is needed. L1 and L2 frequency delays have shown STEC and VTEC formulations for Ionosphere electron density measurements. The TEC data shows unusual behavior from 1 to 30 days before an earthquake. The primary goal of this article is to investigate and establish the correlation of lithosphere atmosphere coupling before earthquakes. Dst and F10.7 solar flux parameters have shown solar radiation. Additionally, TEC data also represented as heat maps to confirm their location at the epicenter. This research might help us understand how ionosphere properties respond to seismic activity in the earth’s crust. HIGHLIGHTS There is a growing interest in studying the seismo-ionospheric relationship today An analysis of ionospheric density changes prior to earthquake is presented in this paper We have observed anomaly in TEC [riot o seismic condition, while There were no changes in solar indices. The results of TEC enhancements led us to believe they were responsible for these high TECs GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Anomalous Variations in Ionosphere TEC Before the Earthquakes of 2021 in the Different Parts of the Globe

et al. 2023

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“…A dataset of similar size (M ≥ 6.0; N = 1339) filtered into day and night ionospheric TEC also present no statistical significance for precursors, though night signals are stronger than day (Zhu et al, 2018). Yet Ulukavak et al (2020) show precursory ionospheric TEC anomalies for about 45% of M ≥ 6.0 earthquakes (N = 2942) with a 15-day sliding average across 19-day windows-the 15 days prior to and 4 days after. The posterior correlation weights their analysis.…”

Section: Ionospheric-origin Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic electric signals (SES) and earthquakes: A review of an updated VAN method and competing hypotheses for SES generation and earthquake triggering

Helman

2020

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors

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Electromagnetic phenomena are sometimes associated with seismic events, but earthquake prediction using seismic electric signals (SES) has not been seriously considered since the early 1990s. There are several causes: (1) false alarms that have created panics in Greece, and (2) a strong critique of the Varotsos-Alexopoulos-Nomicos (VAN) method used there. An updated VAN method that includes time series analysis has made successful medium-range predictions, and short-range predictions when coupled with seismic time series analysis. Four types of potential mechanisms to create precursory SES relying on deformation effects, temperature effects, ore-mineral movement or groundwater variation are reviewed. Data relevant to each are insufficient to favor a single mechanism. Records of the number of false positive and missed events for an updated VAN method have not been well maintained. False positives appear to be abundant and render the method unusable. Co-seismic groundwater fluctuations are addressed, and two novel hypotheses of earthquake trigger mechanism are also presented: ionospherically induced electric (and resultant magnetic) fields to weaken rock thereby causing failure; and volatiles liberated from minerals additionally promoting rock failure. Recommendations for further study are included.

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“…The electromagnetic anomaly prior to large earthquakes has been intensively investigated during the past decades [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Most studies focus on the seismo-electromagnetic phenomena generated by underground activities before earthquakes or the perturbations in the atmosphere and the ionosphere, especially the ultra-low-frequency electromagnetic phenomena [ 14 , 15 , 16 ] and GPS total electron content changes [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. In addition, some researchers studied the possible links among earthquakes, solar activity, and geomagnetic storms, and they revealed the seismicity of the earth may be related to the solar activity [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Statistical Study of the Correlation between Geomagnetic Storms and M ≥ 7.0 Global Earthquakes during 1957–2020

Chen

Wang

Miao

et al. 2020

Entropy

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In order to find out whether the geomagnetic storms and large-mega earthquakes are correlated or not, statistical studies based on Superposed Epoch Analysis (SEA), significance analysis, and Z test have been applied to the Dst index data and M ≥ 7.0 global earthquakes during 1957–2020. The results indicate that before M ≥ 7.0 global earthquakes, there are clearly higher probabilities of geomagnetic storms than after them. Geomagnetic storms are more likely to be related with shallow earthquakes rather than deep ones. Further statistical investigations of the results based on cumulative storm hours show consistency with those based on storm days, suggesting that the high probability of geomagnetic storms prior to large-mega earthquakes is significant and robust. Some possible mechanisms such as a reverse piezoelectric effect and/or electroosmotic flow are discussed to explain the statistical correlation. The result might open new perspectives in the complex process of earthquakes and the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere (LAI) coupling.

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Analysis of ionospheric TEC anomalies for global earthquakes during 2000-2019 with respect to earthquake magnitude (Mw≥6.0)

Cited by 21 publications

References 59 publications

Anomalous Variations in Ionosphere TEC Before the Earthquakes of 2021 in the Different Parts of the Globe

Anomalous Variations in Ionosphere TEC Before the Earthquakes of 2021 in the Different Parts of the Globe

Seismic electric signals (SES) and earthquakes: A review of an updated VAN method and competing hypotheses for SES generation and earthquake triggering

A Statistical Study of the Correlation between Geomagnetic Storms and M ≥ 7.0 Global Earthquakes during 1957–2020

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