Analysis of lateral openings in tunnel linings

Modification of the Peck Formula for a Double-Track Shield Tunnel under Expressway Subgrade

“…Therefore, it is necessary to predict stratum deformation before construction, monitor it during construction, and observe it after construction for an extended period of time. In light of the formation settlement caused by shield construction, scholars around the world have contributed various research methods: some scholars used Peck's empirical formula [1,2] to predict the formation settlement; other scholars derived analytical solutions based on certain assumptions and constitutive relations [3,4]; numerical analysis [5,6] and simulation tests [7,8] are also widely used in settlement prediction. The Peck empirical formula is the most commonly used method to predict surface subsidence in practical engineering.…”

Centrifugal Model Test Study on the Mechanical Characteristics of Shield Tunnels Influenced by Different Types of Openings for Cross Passages

“…The research methods to investigate the mechanical characteristics, e.g., stress state, deformation pattern of shield tunnels include theoretical analysis [13][14][15], numerical simulations [1,2,16,17], field monitoring [2][3][4][5], and model tests [18][19][20][21]. The combination of the cross passages and main tunnels is a complex three-dimensional structure, which is unrealistic to utilize classical theoretical methods such as beam-spring models or homogeneous ring models to perform analysis.…”

“…Numerical methods will play a significant role in investigating this issue. Spyridis and Bergmeister (2015) [16] investigated the structural response of a tunnel when a lateral opening is formed on it, using two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element analysis. Three-dimensional models were established to investigate the structural behavior of the tunnel openings, and the results showed that a lintel effectively transfers the load above the opening to the adjacent lining rings [8].…”

مدل سازی سه بعدی تقاطع تونل و تأثیر آن بر جابجایی ها و نیروهای داخلی پوشش (مطالعه موردی تونل حکیم-تهران)

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