Analysis of Lichen Secondary Chemistry Doubled the Number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. Species (Parmeliaceae, Lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary

Abstract

The distribution patterns of lichen secondary metabolites are often taxon specific. They represent cryptic chemical diversity additional to morphological-anatomical biodiversity. Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (c. 200 specimens) were checked and revised by thin-layer chromatography. Soredia, pseudocyphellae, rhizines, features of lower surface are the main morphological characters analysed against the presence of cortical pigment, atranorin and medullary α-alectoronic acid, anziaic acid, α-collatolic acid, β-alectoronic acid, β-collatolic acid, imbricaric acid, 4-O-demethylimbricaric acid, olivetoric acid, perlatolic acid, physodic acid and 4-O-methylphysodic acid. The European occurrence of C. chicitae (W.L. Culb.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. -described from America -is confirmed on the basis of identical secondary metabolite composition by seven lichen substances. Four species were revealed and mapped in Hungary. Cetrelia chicitae and C. monachorum (Zahlbr.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. are new for the Hungarian lichen flora. From the originally known two taxa C. cetrarioides (Delise) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. proved to be rare, C. olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. is less frequent than regarded earlier. Currently C. monachorum is the most frequent Cetrelia species in Hungary. Cetrelia chicitae and C. cetrarioides may need protection measures. Parmelia cetrarioides f. pseudofallax (Gyeln.) Gyeln. is lectotypified here.

Molecular and phenotypic study put eastern North American Cetrelia in a global context of biogeography and phylogeny

“…The subpopulations of Cetrelia species in eastern North America have contrasting frequency and distrubtion patterns relative to their disjunct European subpopulations. Notably, C. chicitae is common and widespread in eastern North America whereas in Europe it is extremely rare, and found mainly by targeted efforts (Farkas et al 2021; Kukwa & Motiejūnaitėe 2010; Obermayer & Mayrhofer 2007). Likewise, C. monachorum is restricted to high elevation sites in eastern North Amerrica, but typically cooccurs with C. chicitae in equal or less abundance (Howland & Lendemer, pers.…”

“…The subpopulations of Cetrelia species in eastern North America have contrasting frequency and distrubtion patterns relative to their disjunct European subpopulations. Notably, C. chicitae is common and widespread in eastern North America whereas in Europe it is extremely rare, and found mainly by targeted efforts (Farkas et al 2021; Habitat quality assessment. Quantifying the frequency of Cetrelia occurrence compared to habitat quality revealed that all species had a strong affinity to high quality habitats (Fig.…”

Phylogenetic Studies and Metabolite Analysis of Sticta Species from Colombia and Chile by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution-Q-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry

“…For the genus Cetrelia, an assessment of the composition of secondary metabolites allowed for a confirmation of the presence of species only reported in America in Europe, as in the case of C. chicitae. Metabolite composition has also facilitated the confirmation of new species for the genus by chemical fingerprinting, which contrasts the phenotypic plasticity of some morphological characters used for identification [54]. In the genus Psoroma, an analysis of the distribution of secondary metabolites has validated the presence of chemical markers unique to the group, and the presumed description of subgenera by taxa heterogeneity, causing spatial segregation [55].…”

Analysis of Lichen Secondary Metabolites and Morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea Species Group (Cladoniaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary

“…HPTLC was also applied in addition to morphological investigations during identifications and revisions of Hungarian herbarium material (Farkas et al . 1998, 2021).…”