Analysis of Mixture Formation of Direct Injection Gasoline Engine

Kano, Masao; Saito, Kimitaka; Basaki, Masatoshi; Matsushita, Souichi; Gohno, Takeshi

doi:10.4271/980157

Cited by 37 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The major advantages of a GDI engine are the increase in the fuel efficiency. The charge stratification formed by fuel injection and turbulence in the combustion chamber permits extremely lean combustion without high cycle-by-cycle variations, leading to a high combustion efficiency and low emissions at low load. − In addition, there is no throttling loss in some GDI engines, which greatly improves the volumetric and thermal efficiencies in engines without a throttle valve. Moreover, the end gas mixture near the cylinder wall is very lean, reducing the occurrence of knocking, and this allows utilization of an increased compression ratio to improve engine performance and thermal efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Compression Ratio on Cycle-by-Cycle Variations in a Natural Gas Direct Injection Engine

Zheng¹,

Huang²,

Wang³

et al. 2009

Energy Fuels

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Cycle-by-cycle variations of a natural gas direct-injection spark ignition engine at different compression ratios were investigated. The results show that the lean burn limit of the natural-gas direct injection engine can be extended to a larger overall excess air ratio compared with that of the homogeneous charge natural gas engine. The coefficient of variations (CoV) of indicated mean effective pressure decreases with the increase of compression ratio. However, CoV of indicated mean effective pressure is increased at high engine load when compression ratio is larger than 12. The cycle-by-cycle variations are more clearly demonstrated in CoV of indicated mean effective pressure rather than in CoV of cylinder peak pressure. Average values of flame development duration, main combustion duration, and total combustion duration are decreased and combustion is improved with increasing compression ratio. This is the reason for decreasing cycle-by-cycle variations in the natural gas direct-injection engine. Better interdependence exists between the indicated mean effective pressure and the flame development duration, as well as between the indicated mean effective pressure and late combustion duration. Cycle-by-cycle variations of the natural gas direct-injection engine are resulted from cycle-by-cycle variations in flame development duration and late combustion duration. This shows some difference to that of homogeneous charge natural gas engine, where cycle-by-cycle variations are mainly influenced by the variations in early flame development stage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Compression Ratio on Cycle-by-Cycle Variations in a Natural Gas Direct Injection Engine

Zheng¹,

Huang²,

Wang³

et al. 2009

Energy Fuels

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“…Under normal stratified operating conditions, fuel injection is often delayed until the piston approaches top dead centre (TDC). 40–42 By enriching the mixture near the spark plug with the remaining cylinder well above the stoichiometric condition, it is expected to achieve a very high overall air/fuel ratio with good stability and fuel consumption. 43 Chadwell et al 20 stated that the stratified charge, which is one of the lean concepts, can benefit from better pumping work under the lean limit due to de-throttling.…”

Section: Strategies For Optimizing the Gas Exchange Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel approaches to improve the gas exchange process of downsized turbocharged spark-ignition engines: A review

Akehurst

Brace

2015

International Journal of Engine Research

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Engine downsizing, which is the use of a smaller engine that provides the power of a larger engine, is now considered a mega-trend for the internal combustion engine market. It is usually achieved using one or more boosting devices including a supercharger or a turbocharger. Although supercharging is beneficial for engine's transient response, turbocharging technology is more widely adopted considering its advantages in fuel efficiency. Compared to turbocharged compression ignition engines, turbocharged spark-ignition engines tend to be more challenging with respect to the gas exchange process mainly due to their higher pumping loss, the need for throttling and the fact that spark-ignition engines demand more controllability due to the mitigation of knock, particularly with regard to minimizing trapped residuals. These challenges encourage the entire gas exchange process of turbocharged spark-ignition engines to be regarded as a complete air management system instead of just looking at the boosting system in isolation. In addition, more research emphasis should be focused on novel approaches to improve the gas exchange process of downsized turbocharged spark-ignition engines because the refinement of the conventional technologies cannot provide continuous gains indefinitely and only innovative concept may improve the engine performance to meet the fuel efficiency target and the more stringent emission regulation in the future. This article will first briefly review knowledge of the current state of the art technologies that are in production as opposed to approaches that are currently only being investigated at a research level. Next, more novel methods of the gas exchange process are introduced to identify the improved synergies between the engine and the boosting machine. The major findings to improve the gas exchange process that emerge from this review comprise four aspects (depending on the location where the novel technologies are implemented) which are as follows: charge air pressurization/de-pressurization improvement, combustion efficiency enhancement within the chamber, valve event-associated development and exhaust system optimization. Although the interaction between these technologies on different aspects of the gas exchange process was found to be highly complex, the optimization or the combination of these technologies is anticipated to further improve a downsized turbocharged spark-ignition engine's performance.

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“…Whenever any deviations or disturbances occur in the optimized fuel spray process, e.g. changes in the fuel spray angle, disruptions of the expected spray jet symmetry, extension of the fuel spray penetration or increase in the average diameter of the fuel droplet, they result in increased engine emissions as well as reduced engine performance, and efficiency [1,17,20,36]. One of the possibilities of reducing injector coking is by using detergent additives based on Mannich principles or polyisobutylene succinimides [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of alcohol admixture with gasoline on carbon build-up and fuel injectors performance

Stępień¹,

Pielecha²,

Cieślik³

et al. 2022

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability

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The operating conditions of injectors in spark ignition engines with direct fuel injection make them susceptible to coking, which leads to a reduced quality of fuel atomization. This can be observed by a drop in performance and an increase in exhaust emissions, especially particulate matter. One effective method of reducing injector coking is by using detergentdispersing gasoline additives. The article describes the effect of using an admixture with a varied alcohol content on the quantitative and qualitative fuel atomization indicators. The research consisted of a 48-hour engine test, done in accordance with the CEC F-113-KC procedure (CEC-F-113 test). After each test cycle, the injectors underwent optical tests with the use of an isochoric chamber. The spray penetration and surface area were analyzed at a set of different fuel injection parameter values. The research performed resulted in determining the influence of each tested admixture on the change of injection time and on the geometric indicators of the fuel spray. The obtained characteristics of the engine in operation and conducted stationary tests enabled the operational evaluation of the impact an alcohol admixture with gasoline fuels had on key engine parameters.

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Analysis of Mixture Formation of Direct Injection Gasoline Engine

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of Compression Ratio on Cycle-by-Cycle Variations in a Natural Gas Direct Injection Engine

Effect of Compression Ratio on Cycle-by-Cycle Variations in a Natural Gas Direct Injection Engine

Novel approaches to improve the gas exchange process of downsized turbocharged spark-ignition engines: A review

The impact of alcohol admixture with gasoline on carbon build-up and fuel injectors performance

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