Analysis of Particles’ Size and Degree of Distribution of a Wooden Filler in Wood–Polymer Composites

Abstract

In wood–polymer composites (WPCs), regardless of the origin of the filler and its dimensions, their significant role in changing the properties of the WPCs’ material was found. Given the above, it is of particular importance to determine the size of the wood filler particles after their production. In addition, it is also important to determine the degree of distribution of the filler in the polymer matrix. The methodology for determining particle size and distribution is complex, even when using image analysis computer systems. This article presents the application and implementation of the multi-stage procedure for determining the size of wood particles and the degree of their distribution in the WPCs by means of image analysis using a numerical calculation program. The procedure, co-authored by the researchers at the Koszalin University of Technology and School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, is published in the Industrial Crops and Products 2016 Comparing the results obtained for the PP/Lignocel 3-4 and PP/Lignocel C120 composites produced under highly different conditions in the target zone, it was found that the degree of the component distribution in the polymer matrix was significantly influenced by the width of the target gap. In both cases, the best homogeneity of the material and a good distribution of the filler in the polymer matrix was achieved within the parameters that have a mild effect on the material and allow it to stay longer in the plasticizing system, i.e., Ws = 1.0–3.0 mm with simultaneous impact medium to high speed in the range n = 26–40 rpm.

Wood Polymer Composite Based on Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) and Wood Flour—The Process Optimization of the Products

“…Wood flour produced by Rettenmaier Poland Ltd–JRS (Warsaw, Poland) with particle sizes of 70–150 µm was applied to improve the mechanical properties of PHBV. Wood filler is often applied in the form of fibers in the production of polymer composites [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

“…The test results also showed that volumetric shrinkage correlated with the deformation measured on the molded part. Optimal ranges of processing parameters (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45) • C for mold temperature, 20-30 s for cooling time and 15-20 s for pressing time, were determined to obtain the best results while maintaining the lowest possible volume shrinkage and deformations. Moreover, Sanchez R., Aisa J., and Martinez A.…”

Particles Morphology of Mechanically Generated Oil Mist Mixtures of SAE 40 Grade Lubricating Oil with Diesel Oil in the Context of Explosion Risk in the Crankcase of a Marine Engine

“…There are a number of diameters with different applications depending on their definition [106][107][108], including the number-weighted mean (arithmetic or linear) D [1,0] , surface diameter D [2,0] , volume diameter D [3,0] , size-weighted mean size diameter D [2,1] , sizeweighted mean area size diameter D [3,1] , surface-weighted (Sauter) mean D [3,2] , volumeweighted (De Brouckere) mean D [4,3] , and volume-weighted mean area size D [5,3] . In the analyses of combustion processes and fuel atomization quality, the D [3,2] [108,109] and D [4,3] [110,111] diameters are primarily used.…”