Analysis of Pesticide Residue in Tomatoes by Carbon Nanotubes/β‐Cyclodextrin Nanocomposite Reinforced Hollow Fiber Coupled with HPLC

Abstract

For addressing the issues of pesticide residue analysis characterized by the trace levels of target analytes and the complexity of sample matrices, a selective extracting material, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) nanocomposite reinforced hollow fiber (HF), was developed. CNTs were chemically modified with β‐CD and then the resultant nanocomposite was immobilized into the wall pores and lumen of HF by sol‐gel technology. The reinforced HF was applied to direct‐immersion mode of solid phase microextraction for the determination of carbaryl and 1‐naphthol in tomatoes, coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. The proposed method provided 240‐ and 215‐fold enrichment factors, good linearity in the range of 0.6 to 600 ng/g and 0.2 to 600 ng/g, good repeatability with RSDs of 4.5% and 6.9%, and batch‐to‐batch reproducibility with RSDs of 7.4% and 8.3% for 1‐naphthol and carbaryl, respectively. Moreover, the low limits of detection at 0.05 and 0.15 ng/g for 1‐naphthol and carbaryl, respectively, along with the high recovery in the range of 84.2% to 108.9% were obtained. The results showed that the material combined the respective advantages of CNTs, β‐CD, and HF, thus, exhibiting efficient adsorption property, outstanding molecular recognition performance, and excellent sample clean‐up effect, and it is applicable for pesticide residue analysis in complex matrices. Practical Application The developed extracting material can be used for pesticide residue analysis of tomatoes. Pesticides, carbaryl, and 1‐naphthol were detected in tomatoes, the most popular vegetable grown and consumed globally. The results supported the necessity to monitor pesticide residue for public health.

Progress in host–guest macrocycle/pesticide research: Recognition, detection, release and application

“…A variety of interferents were screened including Cl -, SO4 Song and coworkers have modified carbon nanotubes with β-cyclodextrin and then immobilized, via sol-gel, this composite onto the walls and lumen of a hollow fiber. [138] The system was then utilized for the determination of carbaryl and 1-naphthol in four different batches of tomatoes using solid phase microextraction/HPLC. Carbaryl was detected in the concentration range 0.71 to 17.82 ng/g, whilst 1-naphthol was detected at 0.11 and 9.32 ng/g.…”

Novel solid‐phase microextraction fiber coatings: A review

“…Besides functionalizing, CNTs can also hybrid with organic compounds and inorganic compounds to unfold their respective properties [40][41][42][43][44][45]. In a recent study [46], CNTs were introduced within graphene to enhance the conformation of graphene and the morphology of general coating.…”

Aramid-wrapped CNT hybrid sol–gel sorbent for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

“…For example, Sarafraz-Yazdi's group investigated the functionalization of CNTs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymeric tails to enhance their dispersion and compatibility in sol–gel matrices. 25 Additionally, many modified CNTs with surfactants, 26 amino acids, 27 cyclodextrins, 28,29 polythiophene, 30 and polyaniline–polypyrrole 31 have been prepared and their utility as microextraction sorbents has been evaluated. Moreover, nitrogen-doped CNTs with excellent analytical performance for the extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been described.…”