Analysis of Polymer Latices by Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering

Grunder, Ralf; Kim, Young Sam; Ballauff, Matthias; Kranz, D.; Müller, Hans‐Georg

doi:10.1002/anie.199116501

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The pronounced alterations effected through change of the electron density of the medium are evident. In particular, the isoscattering point indicated in Figure 1 by an arrow leads to an outer radius of 91 nm in good agreement with the value obtained by ultracentrifugation (92.3 nm [46] ).…”

Section: Well-defined Core-shell Particlessupporting

confidence: 75%

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Analysis of Polymer Colloids by Small‐Angle X‐Ray and Neutron Scattering: Contrast Variation

Ballauff¹

2011

Adv Eng Mater

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We review recent work done on polymer colloids by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS). Special emphasis is laid on the variation of scattering contrast for both methods. The theory of contrast variation as applied to SAXS and SANS is presented. Different numerical approaches to the treatment of data are discussed. Applications of SAXS and SANS together with contrast variation to model systems are presented. This includes the analysis of an industrial system by using the example of semicrystalline colloid poly(urethane) particles. The examples given here demonstrate the power of contrast variation as applied to polymer colloids and in particular to latexes.

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Section: Well-defined Core-shell Particlessupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The particles analyzed by SAXS [44,45] have been prepared [46] by a seeded emulsion polymerization of PMMA onto a PS core having a narrow size distribution. Figure 1 gives the key result showing the scattering intensities of this latex at different contrasts.…”

Section: Well-defined Core-shell Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Polymer Colloids by Small‐Angle X‐Ray and Neutron Scattering: Contrast Variation

Ballauff¹

2011

Adv Eng Mater

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“…Scattering will then be predominantly in the forward direction: hence the designation ‘small-angle scattering'. − , Traditionally, colloidal systems are studied with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), whereas SAXS is much less used − and in the use of ultrasmall-angle scattering by e.g. Dosho et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Characterization of Colloidal Spheres by Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

et al. 1997

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In Situ Characterization of Colloidal Spheres by Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Megens, M.; van Kast, C.M.; Boesecke, P.; Vos, W.L. Published in: Langmuir DOI:10.1021/la970422vLink to publication Citation for published version (APA):Megens, M., van Kast, C. M., Boesecke, P., & Vos, W. L. (1997). In Situ Characterization of Colloidal Spheres by Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Langmuir, 13, 6120-6129. DOI: 10.1021/la970422v General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. We have performed small-angle X-ray scattering with a synchrotron source on dilute suspensions of colloidal spheres of polystyrene latex, Stöber silica, and microemulsion-grown silica. Many interference fringes are observed of the monodisperse particles over a large range of scattering vectors and more than 5 orders of magnitude in intensity. We present a straightforward method to deduce the radii, the size polydispersity, and the interface thickness of the particles from a Porod plot of one and the same in situ measurement. The radii agree very well with static light-scattering data. The radii are larger than the electron microscopy data of dry spheres and smaller than the hydrodynamic radii from dynamic lightscattering data. The size polydispersities are smaller than those obtained by electron microscopy, which is well explained by the intrinsic random errors of electron microscopy. We find that nearly all the particles have a homogeneous internal density and a sharp interface with the suspending medium of less than 1 nm wide. In one case of a stepwise synthesized particle, we have discerned a dense core and a less-dense shell, without contrast matching with the suspending liquid. It is concluded that synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering is a very powerful technique for the in situ study of colloidal systems.

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“…There have been studies with conventional X-ray sources by e.g. Konishi et al (1995), Grunder et al (1991Grunder et al ( , 1993 and Dingenouts et al (1994). Using a synchrotron has the following advantages compared to small-angle neutron scattering: the beam is very monochromatic, it can be tightly focused and it has a high flux, which expedites studies of weakly scattering systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement of the form factors of the particles is instructive because it reveals information about the internal structure of the particles, as was demonstrated by Grunder et al (1991Grunder et al ( , 1993 and Dingenouts et al (1994). Moreover, form factors are essential to extract structure factors from the diffraction patterns of crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering of Colloids and Photonic Colloidal Crystals

Megens¹,

Kats²,

Bösecke³

et al. 1997

J Appl Cryst

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Synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) experiments have been performed at the ESRF on colloidal dispersions. The samples are optically multiply scattering and are aimed at so‐called photonic applications. Scattering from dilute suspensions yields the particle form factor, which shows many oscillations. From these results, the radius, size distribution and information about the internal structure of the particles in situ can be determined, in contrast to most studies on colloids. Using the form factor, structure factors can be extracted from the diffraction patterns of the colloidal crystals. The structure factors clearly reveal sharp Bragg peaks. The crystal structure, lattice parameter and average orientations were determined as a function of height in sedimented samples. This provides important information for the interpretation of optical experiments.

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Analysis of Polymer Latices by Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Analysis of Polymer Colloids by Small‐Angle X‐Ray and Neutron Scattering: Contrast Variation

Analysis of Polymer Colloids by Small‐Angle X‐Ray and Neutron Scattering: Contrast Variation

In Situ Characterization of Colloidal Spheres by Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering of Colloids and Photonic Colloidal Crystals

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