Analysis of Prevalence and Risk Factors of Adult Self-Reported Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma in Plain Lands and Hilly Areas of Shenmu City, China

Abstract

Objective: The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of adult self-reported allergic rhinitis and asthma in plain lands and hilly areas of Shenmu City in China, and analyze the differences between regions.Methods: The multi-stage stratified random sampling was applied in a cross-sectional survey of adult residents in Shenmu City, from September to December 2019. The unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influence factors of allergic rhinitis and asthma.Results: 4,706 adults participated in the survey, and 99% (4,655 in 4,706) completed the questionnaires. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 25.4%, and the prevalence of asthma was 9.4%. The prevalence of the allergic rhinitis without asthma, asthma without allergic rhinitis, and the combined allergic rhinitis with asthma were 18.9, 2.9, and 6.5%, respectively. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma existed regional differences. The prevalence of adult self-reported allergic rhinitis was 41.5% in plain lands areas and 22.1% in hilly areas. The prevalence of adult self-reported asthma was 12.8% in plain lands and 8.8% in hilly areas. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma existed seasonal differences, with the highest prevalence from July to September. The analysis of risk factors showed that higher education [middle and high school (OR 1.72, 95%CI 1.42–2.07); college and above (OR 2.67, 95%CI 1.99–3.59)], comorbidities of other allergic diseases (OR 3.90, 95%CI 3.23–4.70), family history of allergies (OR 2.89, 95%CI 2.36–3.53), and plain lands areas (OR 2.51, 95%CI 2.06–3.05) were the risk factors for the allergic rhinitis without asthma. Aging [40–49 years old (OR 4.29, 95%CI 1.02–18.13); 50–59 years old (OR 5.89, 95%CI 1.40–24.76); ≥60 years old: (OR 6.14, 95%CI 1.41–26.71)], never-smokers (OR 1.66, 95%CI 0.99–2.80), comorbidities of other allergic disorders (OR 2.17, 95%CI 1.42–3.32), and family history of allergies (OR 2.20, 95%CI 1.40–3.47) were the risk factors for the asthma without allergic rhinitis. Advanced age [30–39 years (OR 2.16, 95%CI 1.23–3.82); 40–49 years (OR 2.86, 95%CI 1.56 to 5.25); 50–59 years (OR 2.95, 95%CI 1.58–5.51); ≥60 years old (OR 2.27, 95%CI 1.09–4.72)], higher education [middle and high school (OR 2.23, 95%CI 1.62–3.07); college and above (OR 4.28, 95%CI 2.72–6.74)], non-agricultural workers (OR 1.70, 95%CI 1.18–2.43),never-smokers (OR 2.26, 95%CI 1.51–3.39), comorbidities of other allergic diseases (OR 4.45, 95%CI 3.37–5.88), family history of allergies (OR 5.27, 95%CI 3.98–6.97), and plain lands areas (OR 2.07, 95%CI 1.51–2.86) were the risk factors for the combined allergic rhinitis with asthma.Conclusions: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma in Shenmu City was relatively high, with regional differences. Genetic and environmental factors were the important risk factors associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma. Our research would provide data support for preventing and controlling allergic rhinitis and asthma in this region in the future, and appropriate prevention and control programs should be formulated according to the characteristics of different regions.

CLEC16A variants conferred a decreased risk to allergic rhinitis in the Chinese population

“…Regionality was also a factor affecting AR. In our previous research (Gao et al, 2021), the prevalence of asthma without AR was 1.55 times higher in people living in plain areas than that in people living in hilly areas. Moreover, we found that the prevalence of AR with asthma was 2.00 times higher in plains than that in hills.…”

Identifying the Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis Based on Zhihu Comment Data Using a Topic-Enhanced Word-Embedding Model: Mixed Method Study and Cluster Analysis

“…These studies typically recruited participants with symptoms of AR and control participants without AR symptoms from a specific age group or a particular geographical area, collected demographic information through questionnaires, and then conducted correlation analysis, such as logistic regression, to explore the relationship between those metadata and AR [32]. For instance, Gao et al [9] conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of adult self-reported AR in the plain lands and hilly areas of Shenmu City in China and analyzed the differences between regions. The content of the web-based questionnaire included demographic factors, smoking status, the comorbidities of other allergic disorders, family history of allergies, and place of residence.…”

“…These studies collected demographic information, lifestyle habits, family history, comorbidities, and residential areas through questionnaires. Subsequently, they used correlation methods to explore the relationship between these data and AR, aiming to identify the risk factors for AR within the specified age group or geographical area [9]. However, these studies have 2 limitations.…”

Gambaran Riwayat Asma pada Pasien Rinitis Alergi di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

“…10 Penelitian di Indonesia pada 120 pasien rinitis alergi di Poliklinik THT-KL Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung tahun 2017, didapatkan sebesar 5,8% pasien rinitis alergi tersebut memiliki komorbid asma. 11 Penelitian lainnya pada pelajar sekolah menengah pertama (SMP) di Palembang, didapatkan 13 orang dari 41 pelajar memiliki rinitis alergi dengan riwayat asma. 12 Penelitian serupa di daerah lain pada pelajar sekolah dasar (SD) dengan rentang usia 10-12 tahun di Bandar Lampung, sebanyak 85 dari 901 pelajar yang diteliti memiliki rinitis alergi disertai dengan asma.…”