Analysis of rockfall hazards along NH-15: a case study of Al-Hada road

Sazid, Mohd

doi:10.1186/s40703-019-0097-3

“…respectively, where V s and I s are the phasor forms of V and I, respectively; j and ω are the imaginary number and angular frequency, respectively. The coupled V s and I s in Equations ( 7) and (8), respectively, are separated by taking the second derivative of V s in Equation (7) and employing Equation (8) as follows:…”

Section: Electromagnetic Waves In Transmission Linementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, grout materials occasionally flow out due to gravity, resulting in a non-grouted part at the end of the rock bolt. Furthermore, the collapse of the wall, ground water flow, insufficient insertion depth of tremie pipe, improper withdrawal rate of tremie pipe, and poor consistency of the grout mixture, grout flowing into voids of a fractured rock mass may adversely affect the grout quality and create voids in the grout [3][4][5][6][7]. Lee et al [8] reported that the defect occurrence rate in tunnel construction is 15.8%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Sensing Using Electromagnetic Waves for Inspection of Defects in Rock Bolts

Yu

¹

,

Lee

²

2020

Sensors

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The stability of tunnels and rock slopes is adversely affected by defects in rock bolts. This study investigates the suitability of the smart sensing method using electromagnetic waves for inspecting defects in rock bolts. Experiments were performed with one fully grouted and eight defective rock bolts, out of which five have non-grouted parts at the ends with different non-grouted ratios, and three have different types of voids. Electromagnetic waves were generated and detected using a time domain reflectometer by configuring two-conductor transmission lines in the rock bolts. Results show that electromagnetic waves are reflected both at defects and ends of rock bolts. The electromagnetic wave velocity increases with an increase in the non-grouted ratio and decreases when rock bolts are embedded in a concrete block simulating rock mass. The estimated locations of defects found by electromagnetic waves are in good agreement with actual defect locations. This study demonstrates that smart sensing using electromagnetic waves is an effective method for inspecting and determining defect locations and the non-grouted ratio of rock bolts.

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“…A rock block could be a boulder or small group of independently moving rocks that separated with their rock mass body by the presence of discontinuities (Sazid 2019). The size of a rock block significantly influences how much of the impact a rock can cause when it falls over an object underneath.…”

Section: Rock Block Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Slope mass rating-based analysis to assess rockfall hazard on Yogyakarta Southern Mountain, Indonesia

Triana

¹

,

Hermawan

²

2020

Geoenviron Disasters

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In the Parangtritis Beach tourism area located in the Southern Mountain of Yogyakarta, karst hills were excavated to build the main accessing road and produce some of long and very steep slopes along the sides of the road. But still, there was none of the slope reinforcement installed along the road. Meanwhile, at several nearby locations within Southern Mountain, rockfall incidents have occurred many times even caused casualties. The potential of rockfall hazard also could be found in the main road of Parangtritis Beach as the study area. The purpose of this study is to determine the rockfall hazard assessment along the main road using Slope Mass Rating (SMR) analysis with the additional parameter of the slope height and the rock block size. The necessary data obtained by direct measurement and laboratory test. Geomechanics analysis, stereographic projection analysis, and hazard parameters weighting were carried out to produce the Rockfall Hazard Zonation Map of the study area. Based on 17 measurement stations, there are 4 (four) rockfall hazard classes in the study area, i.e., very low, low, moderate, and high. The class of very low, which also included road segments without slope, has the largest percentages of 83.83%, followed by the classes of moderate, low, and high with the percentage of 7.16%, 4.28%, and 4,19%, respectively. SMR was assumed as the most significant parameter that influences the rockfall hazard zonation. Historical rockfall points were overlaid over the Rockfall Hazard Zonation Map to validate the predicted hazard zones. Since 91.23% of the rockfall occurred in the moderate and high hazard classes, the zonation map considered reliable to predict future rockfall. This study also identified several landslide potential zones and provides the recommendation of slope reinforcement to be installed in the study area.

show abstract

“…A rock block could be a boulder or small group of independently moving rocks that separated with their rock mass body by the presence of discontinuities (Sazid, 2019). The size of a rock block signi cantly in uences how much of the impact a rock can cause when it falls over an object underneath.…”

Section: Rock Block Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Slope Mass Rating-based Analysis to Assess Rockfall Hazard on Yogyakarta Southern Mountain, Indonesia

Triana

¹

,

Hermawan

²

2020

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the Parangtritis Beach tourism area located in the Southern Mountain of Yogyakarta, karst hills were excavated to build the main accessing road and produce some of long and very steep slopes along the sides of the road. But still, there was none of the slope reinforcement installed along the road. Meanwhile, at several nearby locations within Southern Mountain, rockfall incidents have occurred many times even caused casualties. The potential of rockfall hazard also could be found in the main road of Parangtritis Beach as the study area. The purpose of this study is to determine the rockfall hazard assessment along the main road using Slope Mass Rating (SMR) analysis with the additional parameter of the slope height and the rock block size. The necessary data obtained by direct measurement and laboratory test. Geomechanics analysis, stereographic projection analysis, and hazard parameters weighting were carried out to produce the Rockfall Hazard Zonation Map of the study area. Based on 17 measurement stations, there are 4 (four) rockfall hazard classes in the study area, i.e., very low, low, moderate, and high. The class of very low, which also included road segments without slope, has the largest percentages of 83.83%, followed by the classes of moderate, low, and high with the percentage of 7.16%, 4.28%, and 4,19%, respectively. SMR was assumed as the most significant parameter that influences the rockfall hazard zonation. Historical rockfall points were overlaid over the Rockfall Hazard Zonation Map to validate the predicted hazard zones. Since 91.23% of the rockfall occurred in the moderate and high hazard classes, the zonation map considered reliable to predict future rockfall. This study also identified several landslide potential zones and provides the recommendation of slope reinforcement to be installed in the study area. Keywords: Rockfall, Slope Mass Rating, Hazard zonation, Slope reinforcement, Hills.

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Analysis of rockfall hazards along NH-15: a case study of Al-Hada road

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Smart Sensing Using Electromagnetic Waves for Inspection of Defects in Rock Bolts

Smart Sensing Using Electromagnetic Waves for Inspection of Defects in Rock Bolts

Slope mass rating-based analysis to assess rockfall hazard on Yogyakarta Southern Mountain, Indonesia

Slope Mass Rating-based Analysis to Assess Rockfall Hazard on Yogyakarta Southern Mountain, Indonesia

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