Analysis of root and canal morphologies of maxillary second molars in a South Indian population using cone-beam computed tomography

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the present study was to analyze the morphological variations and complexities in root canal systems of the maxillary second molars in South Indian population, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Subjects and Methods: The CBCT images of 500 participants were examined at different slice thickness of 125 micrometers. Root canal systems of the 500 maxillary second molars were analyzed according to Vertucci, HMA Ahmed et al., and Kim et al. classifications in the Indian subpopulation. Statistical Analysis Used: Interobserver variability was analyzed using Kappa statistics. Results: Among the tooth analyzed, 63% had three roots, with a single canal in each root in 65.2% tooth. About 41.8% of the tooth had fusion of mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots. The most commonly found root canal configuration was Type I (65%) according to Vertucci's classification. According to HMA Ahmed et al. classification, 67.9% tooth had the configuration of 327 MB1 DB1 P1/317 MB1 DB1 P1. Nearly 20.8% tooth had MB2 canal. The most common isthmus type was Type II (55.2%) according to Kim's classification, and the prevalence of isthmus was 2–5 mm from the root apex. Conclusions: The number of roots, canals, their configuration, and occurrence of isthmus has not been reported in the South Indian population. The importance of understanding the knowledge of the anatomy of teeth during the treatment of maxillary second molars would contribute to successful endodontic outcomes.

Cone beam computed tomography analysis of the root and canal morphology of the maxillary second molars in a Hail province of the Saudi population

“…Several methods have been employed to investigate the root canal morphology of maxillary molars [ 5 ]. Cone beam computer tomography (CBCT), traditional periapical films, and the use of magnification instruments are among the clinical techniques [ [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] ]. Retrospective patient records of root canal treatment solely were also evaluated.…”

Critical analysis of a new system to classify root and canal morphology — A systematic review

“…After removal of duplicates, a total of 229 were screened. Studies not related to root and canal anatomy were excluded leaving a total of 15 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria [8,17,18,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The PRISMA 2000 flowchart summarises the search strategy (Figure 1).…”

“…Tables 1-5 summarise the details of the included studies. Out of the 15 studies, three examined the anatomy of maxillary anterior teeth in patients (CBCT clinical studies) (21)(22)(23), five examined mandibular anterior teeth (four clinical CBCT (21)(22)(23)(24), and one ex vivo micro-CT (25) on extracted teeth), four studies examined maxillary premolar teeth (three clinical CBCT (18,26,27), and one ex vivo CBCT (17) on extracted teeth), two studies examined mandibular premolar teeth (one clinical CBCT (29), and one ex vivo micro-CT (28) on extracted teeth) and three studies examined maxillary molar teeth (clinical CBCT) (30)(31)(32). Interobserver agreement (Cohen's k) scores performed for selection of studies was calculated as 0.871-almost perfect agreement.…”

“…The classification of maxillary molars using both systems has similar concepts since the Vertucci classification considers the number of roots in molars, in which the root canal type can be written separately for each root-this was demonstrated in three CBCT clinical studies [30][31][32]. However, for the Ahmed et al system, the root and canal anatomy of maxillary molars were presented as codes for the entire tooth (not each root separately) (Table 5).…”

Frequency of Second Mesiobuccal Canal in Permanent Maxillary Second Molars at a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal

“…Studies have concluded, nearly 20.8% tooth had MB2 canal in maxillary second molar in Indian population, 34.39% MB2 canal in the Korean population and 18% MB2 in Chinese subpopulation. 21 The Nepalese population is generally considered to be a hybrid of several ethnic groups with characteristics of Caucasian, Mongoloid, and Negroid races, which is generally referred to as the Dravidian group. These mixed populations might be reasons of higher prevalence of MB2 canal.…”