Analysis of Selected Properties of Biocomposites Based on Polyethylene with a Natural Origin Filler

Sasimowski, Emil; Majewski, Łukasz; Grochowicz, Marta

doi:10.3390/ma13184182

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Furthermore, absorption bands at 1650 and 1542 cm −1 , respectively, confirm the presence of protein C-N and N-H amide groups [ 86 ]. Moreover, absorption bands at 1151 cm −1 , 1076 cm −1 , 1017 cm −1 and 993 cm −1 result from the vibrations of the –C-O-C– and –C-O– groups found in polysaccharides [ 64 ]. Figure 12 also shows sample spectra of biocomposites obtained with the use of 10%, 30% and 50% of bran.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WB conditioning process involved, successively, two-time grinding using a millstone, drying in a laboratory drier for 24 h at 80 °C, followed by sieving the dried WB with a moisture content of 3wt.% on a 5-sieve column shaker with the mesh size decreasing from 1 mm to 0.2 mm in order to obtain a fraction with a particle size below 0.2 mm. The particle size was selected as the smallest possible on the basis of previous studies, where an adverse effect of the particle size on the properties of the composition was found [ 42 , 64 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency of Twin-Screw Extrusion of Biodegradable Poly (Butylene Succinate)-Wheat Bran Blend

2021

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Unmodified poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) is characterized by very good processability; however, after the incorporation of various fillers of plant origin, its processing becomes much more complicated and its properties are significantly affected. Detailed studies of the processing aspects of PBS/wheat bran (WB) biocomposition are lacking, despite the addition of WB having a significant impact on both the production efficiency and the properties of end products. This research paper presents test results of the co-rotating twin-screw extrusion processing of a biodegradable polymer blend, the matrix of which was PBS, with WB as the filler. In undertaking this task, we examined the impact of extruder screw rotational speed and WB content on the characteristics of extrusion processing, as well as on certain thermal, physical, structural and processing properties of the obtained blend. The WB introduced to the blend was in the form of a selected fraction with particles smaller than 0.2 mm. The measurements were conducted using the Design of Experiment (DOE) methods, which enabled establishing the studied relationships in the form of polynomials and response surfaces. The determined extrusion process characteristics covered the impact of screw rotational speed and WB content on the mass flow rate of the processed blend and its pressure, the screw drive torque and specific energy consumption. The studies of the obtained polymer blend included determining the impact of the aforementioned variable factors on the melt flow rate (MFR) index, chemical structure (FTIR), thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG)), p-v-T relationships, microstructure, density and moisture absorbance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the effect of individual variable factors. The results of this work are presented, inter alia, using Pareto charts of standardized effects, which illustrate the influence of individual terms of the determined regression equations on the studied quantity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Twin-Screw Extrusion of Biodegradable Poly (Butylene Succinate)-Wheat Bran Blend

2021

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“…Characteristic absorption bands originating from the vibrations of C=O carbonyl groups (1714 cm −1 ) and ester bonds -C-O-C and -O-(C=O) at 1262 cm −1 , 1173 cm −1 , and 1044 cm −1 are observed on PBS spectrum. The structure of wheat bran is mainly composed of polysaccharides (including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), phenolic and lipid compounds, and proteins, as confirmed by the FTIR spectrum [66,91]. The spectra of PBS composites with bran (Figure 9) show absorption bands originating from…”

Section: Chemical Structurementioning

confidence: 87%

Analysis of Selected Properties of Injection Moulded Sustainable Biocomposites from Poly(butylene succinate) and Wheat Bran

2021

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The paper presents a procedure of the manufacturing and complex analysis of the properties of injection mouldings made of polymeric composites based on the poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) matrix with the addition of a natural filler in the form of wheat bran (WB). The scope of the research included measurements of processing shrinkage and density, analysis of the chemical structure, measurements of the thermal and thermo-mechanical properties (Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT), and Vicat Softening Temperature (VST)), and measurements of the mechanical properties (hardness, impact strength, and static tensile test). The measurements were performed using design of experiment (DOE) methods, which made it possible to determine the investigated relationships in the form of polynomials and response surfaces. The mass content of the filler and the extruder screw speed during the production of the biocomposite granulate, which was used for the injection moulding of the test samples, constituted the variable factors adopted in the DOE. The study showed significant differences in the processing, thermal, and mechanical properties studied for individual systems of the DOE.

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“…Moreover, it was also shown that the filler particles act as a promoter of crystallization. This means that the arrangement of the crystalline phase occurs around the filler particles and the resulting volume loss exerts compressive stresses on them, which would further affect the shrinkage value [118,119]. At lower filler contents, the crystalline regions around the WB particles will be larger, whereas at 50% content, there will be more crystallization nuclei, but with smaller sizes, as the presence of filler will also limit the mobility of macromolecules [120,121].…”

Section: Transverse Shrinkagementioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Ageing, Chemical Resistance, and Biodegradation of Biocomposites from Poly(Butylene Succinate) and Wheat Bran

2021

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The results of comprehensive studies on accelerated (artificial) ageing and biodegradation of polymer biocomposites on PBS matrix filled with raw wheat bran (WB) are presented in this paper. These polymer biocomposites are intended for the manufacture of goods, in particular disposable packaging and disposable utensils, which decompose naturally under the influence of biological agents. The effects of wheat bran content within the range of 10–50 wt.% and extruder screw speed of 50–200 min−1 during the production of biocomposite pellets on the resistance of the products to physical, chemical, and biological factors were evaluated. The research included the determination of the effect of artificial ageing on the changes of structural and thermal properties by infrared spectra (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). They showed structural changes—disruption of chains within the ester bond, which occurred in the composition with 50% bran content as early as after 250 h of accelerated ageing. An increase in the degree of crystallinity with ageing was also found to be as high as 48% in the composition with 10% bran content. The temperature taken at the beginning of weight loss of the compositions studied was also lowered, even by 30 °C at the highest bran content. The changes of mechanical properties of biocomposite samples were also investigated. These include: hardness, surface roughness, transverse shrinkage, weight loss, and optical properties: colour and gloss. The ageing hardness of the biocomposite increased by up to 12%, and the surface roughness (Ra) increased by as much as 2.4 µm at the highest bran content. It was also found that ageing causes significant colour changes of the biocomposition (ΔE = 7.8 already at 10% bran content), and that the ageing-induced weight loss of the biocomposition of 0.31–0.59% is lower than that of the samples produced from PBS alone (1.06%). On the other hand, the transverse shrinkage of moldings as a result of ageing turned out to be relatively small, at 0.05%–0.35%. The chemical resistance of biocomposites to NaOH and HCl as well as absorption of polar and non-polar liquids (oil and water) were also determined. Biodegradation studies were carried out under controlled conditions in compost and weight loss of the tested compositions was determined. The weight of samples made from PBS alone after 70 days of composting decreased only by 4.5%, while the biocomposition with 10% bran content decreased by 15.1%, and with 50% bran, by as much as 68.3%. The measurements carried out showed a significant influence of the content of the applied lignocellulosic fillers (LCF) in the form of raw wheat bran (WB) on the examined properties of the biocompositions and the course of their artificial ageing and biodegradation. Within the range under study, the screw speed of the extruder during the production of biocomposite pellets did not show any significant influence on most of the studied properties of the injection mouldings produced from it.

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Analysis of Selected Properties of Biocomposites Based on Polyethylene with a Natural Origin Filler

Cited by 11 publications

References 90 publications

Efficiency of Twin-Screw Extrusion of Biodegradable Poly (Butylene Succinate)-Wheat Bran Blend

Efficiency of Twin-Screw Extrusion of Biodegradable Poly (Butylene Succinate)-Wheat Bran Blend

Analysis of Selected Properties of Injection Moulded Sustainable Biocomposites from Poly(butylene succinate) and Wheat Bran

Artificial Ageing, Chemical Resistance, and Biodegradation of Biocomposites from Poly(Butylene Succinate) and Wheat Bran

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