Analysis of seroprevalence data on Hepatitis E virus and Toxoplasma gondii in wild ungulates for the assessment of human exposure to zoonotic meat-borne pathogens

Crotta, Matteo; Pellicioli, Luca; Gaffuri, Alessandra; Trogu, Tiziana; Formenti, Nicoletta; Tranquillo, Vito; Luzzago, C.; Ferrari, Nicola; Lanfranchi, P.

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2021.103890

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…A further molecular investigation on 218 red deer, 6 roe deer, and 4 chamois from the province of Sondrio, revealed no cervids positive for HEV [ 28 ]. Recently, in a serological survey performed in wild ungulates living in Alpine and pre-Alpine districts of the province of Bergamo seropositive subjects were detected in chamois (5/92; 5.1%) roe deer (1/227; 0.4%) and mouflons ( Ovis musimon ) (1/49; 2%) populations [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Pathological Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Fallow Deer (Dama dama) in Central Italy

Fonti

Pacini

Forzan

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common causative agent of acute hepatitis in the world, with a serious public health burden in both developing and industrialized countries. Cervids, along with wild boars and lagomorphs, are the main wild hosts of HEV in Europe and constitute a documented source of infection for humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of HEV in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) living in Tuscany, Central Italy. Liver samples from 48 roe deer and 60 fallow deer were collected from carcasses during the hunting seasons. Following the results obtained from molecular and histopathologic studies, 5/48 (10.4%) roe deer and 1/60 (1.7%) fallow deer liver samples were positive for the presence of HEV RNA. All PCR-positive livers were also IHC-positive for viral antigen presence, associated with degenerative and inflammatory lesions with predominantly CD3+ cellular infiltrates. This study represents the first identification in Italy of HEV RNA in roe and fallow deer and the first study in literature describing liver alterations associated with HEV infection in cervids. These results demonstrate that HEV is present in wild cervid populations in Italy and confirm the potential zoonotic role of these species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Pathological Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Fallow Deer (Dama dama) in Central Italy

Fonti

Pacini

Forzan

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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“…This review has shown that extensive work has been done on the identification of biological and chemical hazards especially lead (Casoli et al 2005;Mateo et al 2011;Crotta et al 2022) during the killing of wild ungulates. Whilst the research on physical hazards in game was widespread in developed countries, there is still more needed in developing countries and game meat  The type of bullets to be used for game meat animals killing must be regulated and such regulations enforced by authorities  Regulating the type or position of shots that may be acceptable for meat production is important, so as to prevent the use of animals shot in the body for meat purposes producing countries such as South Africa/Namibia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume 12, No. 3, 2023

2023

IJAB

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Meat safety includes the absence of physical hazards that has a potential of causing physical harm to consumers. Whilst there are physical hazards introduced in most in meat products, it is clear that some of the hazards, such as bullets particles and bone splinters, find their way in hunted wild ungulates in processes employed during killing. To assess the physical hazards that may occur in the game meat/venison industry, a systematic review of scientific literature published in English between 2000 and 2021 is conducted. The majority of studies evaluated and identified the risks of wild animal killing, which included fragmented bullets particles and bone splinters due to bones fracturing due to the killing process of game meat animals. Despite alternatives, such as the adoption of less fragmenting bullets, its compulsory implementation is proving a challenge in most countries.

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“…From retail outlets, Plaza et al (2020) estimated the presence of antibodies in 5.3% of beef, 14.3% chicken, 16.5% lamb, 14.1% pork, and 16% in venison samples in Scotland [ 164 ]. Wild boar is presented as the most relevant wildlife species for risk infection of T. gondii around the world, with a seroprevalence of 76.9% in Brazil [ 143 ], around 40% in Italy [ 144 , 145 ], 14% in USA [ 138 ], 15% in China [ 139 ], and 9% in Finland [ 140 ]. Crotta et al (2022) detected 49% of seroprevalence in wild boars in Italy, with high percentage of co-infections with hepatitis E virus [ 140 ].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Food P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild boar is presented as the most relevant wildlife species for risk infection of T. gondii around the world, with a seroprevalence of 76.9% in Brazil [ 143 ], around 40% in Italy [ 144 , 145 ], 14% in USA [ 138 ], 15% in China [ 139 ], and 9% in Finland [ 140 ]. Crotta et al (2022) detected 49% of seroprevalence in wild boars in Italy, with high percentage of co-infections with hepatitis E virus [ 140 ]. From these data, the conclusion is drawn that the presence of T. gondii in meat for human consumption is high in Asia, Europe, and the USA, with its detection and control before sale being of vital importance.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Food P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii in Foods: Prevalence, Control, and Safety

Marín-García

Planas

Llobat

2022

Foods

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Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, with approximately one third of the population around the world seropositive. The consumption of contaminated food is the main source of infection. These include meat products with T. gondii tissue cysts, and dairy products with tachyzoites. Recently, contamination has been detected in fresh products with oocysts and marine products. Despite the great health problems that are caused by T. gondii, currently there are no standardized methods for its detection in the food industry. In this review, we analyze the current detection methods, the prevalence of T. gondii in different food products, and the control measures. The main detection methods are bioassays, cell culture, molecular and microscopic techniques, and serological methods, but some of these do not have applicability in the food industry. As a result, emerging techniques are being developed that are aimed at the detection of multiple parasites simultaneously that would make their application more efficient in the industry. Since the prevalence of this parasite is high in many products (meat and milk, marine products, and vegetables), it is necessary to standardize detection methods, as well as implement control measures.

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Analysis of seroprevalence data on Hepatitis E virus and Toxoplasma gondii in wild ungulates for the assessment of human exposure to zoonotic meat-borne pathogens

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Molecular and Pathological Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Fallow Deer (Dama dama) in Central Italy

Molecular and Pathological Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Fallow Deer (Dama dama) in Central Italy

Volume 12, No. 3, 2023

Toxoplasma gondii in Foods: Prevalence, Control, and Safety

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