Background: The volatile constituents from the aerial parts of Mentha piperita L. (peppermint) which were collected from cultivate growing plants in Kermanshah (Garreban; at the east of Kermanshah City) of Iran were extracted by hydrodistillation and headspace/solid-phase micro-extraction (HS/SPME) methods and were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Findings: A total of 39 and 41 compounds were identified in the essential oil by hydrodistillation and HS/SPME methods, respectively. The main components in the hydrodistillation method were menthol (45.34%), menthone (16.04%), menthofuran (8.91%), cis-carane (8.70%), 1,8-cineole (4.46%), neo-menthol (4.24%), and limonene (2.22%). The main components in the HS/SPME method were menthol (29.38%), menthone (16.88%), cis-carane (14.39%), menthofuran (11.38%), 1,8-cineole (9.45%), trans-caryophyllene (2.76%), neo-menthol (2.37%), β-Pinene (2.26%), α-Pinene (1.55%), germacrene-D (1.41%), trans-sabinene hydrate (1.28%), and neoisomenthyl acetate (1.02%).