Background: The volatile constituents from the aerial parts of Mentha piperita L. (peppermint) which were collected from cultivate growing plants in Kermanshah (Garreban; at the east of Kermanshah City) of Iran were extracted by hydrodistillation and headspace/solid-phase micro-extraction (HS/SPME) methods and were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Findings: A total of 39 and 41 compounds were identified in the essential oil by hydrodistillation and HS/SPME methods, respectively. The main components in the hydrodistillation method were menthol (45.34%), menthone (16.04%), menthofuran (8.91%), cis-carane (8.70%), 1,8-cineole (4.46%), neo-menthol (4.24%), and limonene (2.22%). The main components in the HS/SPME method were menthol (29.38%), menthone (16.88%), cis-carane (14.39%), menthofuran (11.38%), 1,8-cineole (9.45%), trans-caryophyllene (2.76%), neo-menthol (2.37%), β-Pinene (2.26%), α-Pinene (1.55%), germacrene-D (1.41%), trans-sabinene hydrate (1.28%), and neoisomenthyl acetate (1.02%).

N-Propylsulfamic acid supported onto magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (MNPs-PSA) was used as an efficient and magnetically recoverable catalyst for synthesis of 2H-Indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-trione derivatives from the three-component, one-pot condensation reaction of phthalhydrazide, aromatic aldehydes and cyclic 1,3-diones, in good to excellent yields at 100°C under solvent-free conditions. The catalyst was easily separated with the assistance of an external magnetic field from the reaction mixture and reused for several consecutive runs without significant loss of its catalytic efficiency. In order to compare, the synthesis of 2H-Indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-trione derivatives in the presence of catalytic amount of sulfamic acid (SA) under same reaction condition was also reported.

Experimental and computational studies in the synthesis of 2-amino-4,6-diphenylnicotinonitrile using HBF 4 as an oxidizing promoter catalyst under mild and solvent free conditions were carried out. The suggested anomeric based oxidation (ABO) mechanism is supported by experimental and theoretical evidence. The theoretical study shows that the intermediate isomers with 5R-and 5S-chiral positions have suitable structures for the aromatization through an anomeric based oxidation in the final step of the mechanistic pathway.

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