Analysis of slip systems in protein crystals with a triclinic form using a phenomenological macro-bond method

Suzuki, Ryo; Shigemoto, Chika; Abe, Marina; Kojima, K.; Tachibana, Masaru

doi:10.1039/d1ce00241d

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…After annealing, the holder was kept at 23 °C for 2 wk to obtain millimeter-sized crystals. Similarly, orthorhombic ( 34 ), monoclinic ( 35 ), and triclinic HEWL crystals ( 36 ) were also obtained. The crystallization conditions and crystal structures are summarized in SI Appendix , Tables S1 and S2 , respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Existence of twisting in dislocation-free protein single crystals

Abe

Suzuki

Hirano

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance Growing high-quality protein crystals is a prerequisite for the structure analysis of proteins by X-ray diffraction. However, dislocation-free perfect protein crystals such as silicon and diamond are limited to two kinds of protein crystals. We wonder whether other high-quality or dislocation-free protein crystals still exhibit some imperfection. Here, we explore the existence of twisting as a cause of imperfection in high-quality protein crystals by X-ray topography with synchrotron radiation. The magnitude of twisting is quite small and cannot be detected by conventional techniques as optical and electron microscopy. The formation of twisting may be related to the geometric frustration mechanism proposed as a primary mechanism of twisting. This finding provides insights on high-quality protein crystals with the ubiquity of twisting.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Existence of twisting in dislocation-free protein single crystals

Abe

Suzuki

Hirano

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The hardness in the deep regions of native HheG crystals is about 4 MPa, which is comparable to the hardness of the (110) plane of O-HEWL crystals (6 MPa) [43]. According to Suzuki et al, hardness is an intrinsic property related to the habit planes and, therefore, is also related to anisotropy due to molecular packing and intracrystalline water [42]. The slightly lower hardness of HheG crystals can be explained by the high solvent content of the HheG crystals (65%) compared to the O-HEWL crystals (43%) [44].…”

Section: Native Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…According to the lysozyme results, the hardness strongly depends on the crystal structure. For example, the Vickers microhardness of the (010) plane of triclinic (tri-) HEWL crystals is over 4 times greater than the hardness of the (010) plane of orthogonal (O-) HEWL crystals [42,43]. In the cited studies, the hardness was measured in deep regions of the crystals (about 700 nm) via nanoindenter measurements [12].…”

Section: Native Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Depth-Dependent Mechanical Behavior of Anisotropic Native and Cross-Linked HheG Enzyme Crystals

et al. 2021

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Enzymes are able to catalyze various specific reactions under mild conditions and can, therefore, be applied in industrial processes. To ensure process profitability, the enzymes must be reusable while ensuring their enzymatic activity. To improve the processability and immobilization of the biocatalyst, the enzymes can be, e.g., crystallized, and the resulting crystals can be cross-linked. These mechanically stable and catalytically active particles are called CLECs (cross-linked enzyme crystals). In this study, the influence of cross-linking on the mechanical and catalytic properties of the halohydrin dehalogenase (HheG) crystals was investigated using the nanoindentation technique. Considering the viscoelastic behavior of protein crystals, a mechanical investigation was performed at different indentation rates. In addition to the hardness, for the first time, depth-dependent fractions of elastic and plastic deformation energies were determined for enzyme crystals. The results showed that the hardness of HheG enzyme crystals are indentation-rate-insensitive and decrease with increases in penetration depth. Our investigation of the fraction of plastic deformation energy indicated anisotropic crystal behavior and higher irreversible deformation for prismatic crystal faces. Due to cross-linking, the fraction of elastic energy of anisotropic crystal faces increased from 8% for basal faces to 68% for prismatic crystal faces. This study demonstrates that mechanically enhanced CLECs have good catalytic activity and are, therefore, suitable for industrial use.

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“…By combining the gel media and protein crystals, they obtain the potential to toughen without sacrificing other mechanical properties. In previous studies, the mechanical properties such as the indentation hardness and elastic constants depends on the crystal characters such as protein types, crystal morphology, and solvent content in protein crystals. − As a next step, the effect of difference of these crystal characters for the macroscopic mechanical properties combined with the gel should be clarified. The combining methods will be more effective and powerful tool for mechanically unstable protein crystals, and the additive function by the combination with protein and polymer functions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on the macroscopic mechanical properties of protein crystals are limited because of the difficulty in growing large crystals of good quality. In early work, the Young’s modulus of the cross-linked tetragonal hen egg-white lysozyme crystals was estimated as 210 MPa via the periodic bending method. − Research on the deformation mechanism of protein crystals has been investigated primarily using the indentation method. − The slip systems and the dependence of the hardness on the crystal planes and crystal structures were characterized by the observation of the indentation marks and force–displacement curves. − In pioneer research on the elastic properties, dynamic elastic constants in the ranges of megahertz and gigahertz have been determined by the laser-generated ultrasound method, the ultrasonic pulse-echo method, − and the Brillouin scattering method. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Mechanical Properties of Gel-Incorporating Protein Crystals

Suzuki

Karasawa

Gomita

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Crystalline materials that are grown in gel media exhibit reinforced mechanical characteristics. Studies on the mechanical properties of protein crystals are limited in numbers because of the difficulty in growing high-quality large crystals. This study shows the demonstration of the unique macroscopic mechanical properties by compression tests of large protein crystals grown in both solution and agarose gel. Particularly, the gel-incorporating protein crystals exhibit larger elastic limits and a higher fracture stress compared with the native protein crystals without gel. Conversely, the change in the Young’s modulus corresponding to if the crystals incorporate the gel network is negligible. This suggests that gel networks affect only the fracture phenomenon. Thus, reinforced mechanical characteristics that cannot be obtained by the gel or the protein crystal alone can be developed. By combining the gel media and protein crystals, the gel-incorporating protein crystals show the potential to toughen without sacrificing other mechanical properties.

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Analysis of slip systems in protein crystals with a triclinic form using a phenomenological macro-bond method

Abstract: Slip systems in triclinic hen egg-white lysozyme (Tri-HEWL) crystals, which is one of typical protein crystals, were identified by the indentation method. Eleven kinds of the slip systems are clearly...

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Existence of twisting in dislocation-free protein single crystals

Existence of twisting in dislocation-free protein single crystals

The Depth-Dependent Mechanical Behavior of Anisotropic Native and Cross-Linked HheG Enzyme Crystals

Unique Mechanical Properties of Gel-Incorporating Protein Crystals

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