Analysis of Steroids using Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS-MS)

Miniaturized solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of endocrine disruptors in drinking water

“…Bisphenol A was identified in drinking water by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) ( Moid AlAmmari et al, 2020 ). Steroids (estrone, estradiol and diethylstilbestrol) in water were analyzed by direct immersion SPME-GC-MS-MS ( Chopra et al, 2014 ). Nonylphenol and octylphenol in water were determined using SPME and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector ( Moreira et al, 2015 ).…”

Solid-phase microextraction-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC×GC-TOF-MS) of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from water

“…SPME is a technique which can be applied to a wide range of volatile analytes in complex matrices such as food, biological fluids and environmental samples. SPME combined with GC and GC-MS can be used for the analysis of a large variety of volatile and semi-volatile substances [10][11][12][13][14] .…”