Analysis of sulphonated azodyes and their degradation products in aqueous solutions treated with a new electrochemical method

Abstract

Aqueous solutions of four sulphonated azodyes, Reactive Orange 91, Reactive Red 184, Reactive Blue 182 and Reactive Black 5, containing 0.2 mol/L of electrolyte were treated in a laboratory scale electrolytic cell with a new electrochemical method intended for the textile wastewater treatment. The electrochemical process was monitored by means of absorbance of UV-Vis light and chemical oxygen demand values. Carbon fleece was used as a cathode, and platinated titanium was used as an anode. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detectors was applied for the analysis of dyes, their impurities and degradation products after the electrochemical treatment. Dihexylammonium and triethylammonium acetate as ion-pairing reagents, or alternatively ammonium acetate as an ion-exclusion suppressing reagent, were used to improve the separation.

Degradation of Reactive Black 5 and Basic Yellow 28 on Metallic-Polymer Composites

“…At potentials greater than -1.5 V, the full cleavage of hydrazo group was accomplished. We confirmed the last by IR spectroscopy and it agrees with the literature reports [15,18,24]. During the electrolysis at different cathodic potentials (in the range from -0.7 to -1.0 V) the cathodic current density (i) was lower in presence of 80 ppm of the dye RB5 in comparison with the i obtained without RB5 in the solution.…”

“…The treatment of colored wastewater is commonly carried out using biological [1][2][3][4][5] and physico-chemical methods [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The use of electrochemical techniques for the study and removal of color and organic load from model colored solutions [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] and industrial wastewater has received great attention in the last years [3,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][...…”

Effects of functional groups on the fragmentation of dyes in electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectra

“…Triethylamine and dihexylamine (purity > 99%) were purchased from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA) and acetic acid from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Triethylammonium acetate (TEAA) or dihexylammonium acetate (DHAA) was prepared by mixing of equimolar amounts of triethylamine (or dihexylamine) and acetic acid and used as an ion-pairing reagent in HPLC/MS experiments [7,16,27,30].…”

Linking mutagenic activity to micropollutant concentrations in wastewater samples by partial least square regression and subsequent identification of variables

“…Naphthalenedisulfonic acid benzenesulfonamides are used in dye production (Sakalis et al, 2004), as dispersants (Altenbach and Giger, 1995), and additives in cement and concrete (Dodson, 1990). Naphthalene sulfonic acids were detected in industrial wastewater (Storm et al, 1999) and their application is restricted to industry (Altenbach and Giger, 1995).…”