Analysis of surfactants: Part I

Morelli, John; Szajer, Gerald

doi:10.1007/s11743-000-0154-8

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In the case of GC/MS, direct resolution for ionic surfactants is not easy, since derivatization or pyrolysis is necessary before their analysis 33 . HPLC, on the other hand, is applicable for the analysis of surfactant mixtures without any concern regarding their charge 34,35 . HPLC coupled with different detectors, such as mass spectrometers and UV–Vis diode array, has been widely used for AES analysis, allowing the concentration of single homologues and isomers to be to determined, without any derivatization steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coceth sulfate characterization by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Onzo

Acquavia

Cataldi

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale The anionic surfactants, among which are alkyl ether sulfates (AESs), are the most used class of surfactants in cleansing applications. The negatively charged head group of AESs is a sulfate moiety linked with a variable number of ethylene oxide units, i.e. a polyethylene glycol chain. The hydrophobic part of an AES is constituted by a linear alkyl chain of carbon atoms, generally obtained from natural fatty acids. Coconut oil fatty acids, including the sodium salts of coceth sulfate (CES) with chemical formula CxHy (OCH2CH2)nOSO3Na, are widely used as feedstock for AESs synthesis. CES is added to many cleaning products and detergents defined as non‐aggressive. Currently, no detailed structural information concerning the alkyl chain length x and, more importantly, the degree of ethoxylation n has been reported. Methods A commercial standard solution of CES was characterized by tandem mass spectrometry, employing direct injection into the electrospray ionization (ESI) source of a a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Results Two series of oligomeric species, characterized by a C12 and C14 alkyl chains, i.e. [C12H25(OCH2CH2)nOSO3]− and [C14H29(OCH2CH2)nOSO3]− with n ranging from 0 to 7, were successfully identified. The interpretation of these data was very useful for CES identification in three commercial dishwasher cleaning products. Conclusions Direct injection MS/MS analysis of CES revealed a well‐defined molecular weight distribution and allowed the alkyl chain composition and the number of ethylene oxide units to be to identified.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coceth sulfate characterization by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Onzo

Acquavia

Cataldi

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…Many of these techniques and some applications have been reviewed by Vogt and Heinig [3], in which a substantial number of these assays were directed at evaluating trace detergents and their degradation products in environmental analyses. Morelli and Szajer [4,5] also provided additional and rather comprehensive reviews on surfactant analyses and methodology. Other examples of assays to determine the presence of detergents in wastewater streams include that of Barco et al [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reversed phase HPLC assay for the simultaneous quantitation of non-ionic and ionic surfactants in bioprocess intermediates

Chen

Price

Goerke

et al. 2006

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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“…In industrial terminology, the word detergent is synonymous with surfactant. More precisely, a detergent is a solid or liquid cleaning formulation that contains a number of compounds, one or more of which is a surfactant [1]. Surfactants are found in the composition of a very large number of products.…”

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confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Anionic, Amphoteric and Cationic Surfactants Mixtures in Surface Water

Păun¹,

Iancu²,

Cruceru³

et al. 2018

Rev. Chim.

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A simple, reliable and accurate HPLC/CAD method was developed for the determination of anionic (sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate and sodium 1-dodecane sulfonate), amphoteric (CHAPS (3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonium]-1-propanesulfonate hydrate)) and cationic (benzethonium chloride) surfactants mixture from surface water samples. The chromatographic analysis was performed on an Acclaim Surfactant Plus (150 x 3.0 mm, 3 mm d.p.) column acquired from Thermo Scientific, kept at 300C. All experiments were performed in gradient elution conditions at a flow-rate of 0.6 mL/min. Mobile phase composition was a mixture of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1 M ammonium acetate solution acidified to pH 5 with acetic acid (B). The limit of detection (LD) were 20 mg/L for anionic surfactants and 30 mg/L for cationic and amphoteric surfactants. The calibration curves were linear between 15 mg/L � 110 mg/L, with R2 values above 0.992 for all surfactants. Solid phase extraction (SPE) using polymeric (Strata X) cartridges has been applied to extract and concentrate the target analytes from the synthetic samples. Surfactants recoveries after SPE procedure were situated between 91.5�94.6%. Intra-day and inter-day precision (RSD%) were situated between 4.0 � 7.7% and 7.5 � 11.7%, respectively. Limit of quantitation (LQ) was lower than 80 mg/L for anionic surfactants and 90 mg/L for cationic and 100 mg/L for amphoteric surfactants. The new sensitive and selective HPLC/CAD developed method allows simultaneous determination of anionic, amphoteric and cationic surfactants mixture from environmental samples (surface water).

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Analysis of surfactants: Part I

Cited by 36 publications

References 93 publications

Coceth sulfate characterization by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Coceth sulfate characterization by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

A reversed phase HPLC assay for the simultaneous quantitation of non-ionic and ionic surfactants in bioprocess intermediates

Simultaneous Determination of Anionic, Amphoteric and Cationic Surfactants Mixtures in Surface Water

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