Analysis of the chemical components of pomelo peels (Citrus grandis [L.] Osbeck) from different cultivars by using supercritical CO₂ fluid extraction and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

Five pomelo cultivars (i.e., Citrus grandis cv. Shatianyou, Citrus grandis cv. Guanximiyou, Citrus grandis cv. Yuhuanyou, Citrus grandis cv. Duweiwendanyou and Citrus grandis cv. Liangpingyou) from different origins in China were selected to analyze their components by using supercritical CO2 fluid extraction coupled with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 45 compounds were identified in the supercritical CO2 fluid extracts of the pomelo peels from the five cultivars. These compounds included eight flavonoids, 18 coumarins, four organic acids, three aldehydes, and 12 other compounds, which were identified using the obtained MS data and by comparison with commercial standards, orbitrap Chinese Traditional Medicine Library, and previous literature. Twenty‐five of the identified compounds were detected for the first time in the pomelo peel extracts. Results suggested that the pomelo peels of C. grandis cv. Shatianyou contained the most natural chemical compositions. The pooled result may offer scientific evidence for further development and utilization of pomelo peels and a route for screening appropriate varieties for various demands.

Health benefits of fraxetin: From chemistry to medicine

“…Fraxetin is a well-known coumarin that can be found in various plants of the families: Oleaceae, Sapindaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Primulaceae, Lythraceae, Ericaceae, Chloranthaceae, Actinidiaceae, Bombacaceae, Apocynaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Solanaceae (Table 1). [9,24,27,28,30,32,34,35,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43] In particular, this metabolite is one of the main ingredients of Cortex Fraxini (the barks of Fraxinus rhynchophylla HANCE, Fraxinus chinensis ROXB, F. chinensis ROXB var. acuminate LINGELSH, and Fraxinus stylosa LINGELSh).…”

“…Fraxinus angustifolia barks Fraxinus Oleaceae [9] F. chinensis stem barks Fraxinus Oleaceae [17] F. hupehensis leaves and barks Fraxinus Oleaceae [18] F. japonica bark Fraxinus Oleaceae [19] F. floribunda barks Fraxinus Oleaceae [20] F. mandshurica barks Fraxinus Oleaceae [19] F. ornus barks Fraxinus Oleaceae [5][6][7] F. rhynchophylla barks and root barks Fraxinus Oleaceae [16,21,22] Ligustrum robustum leaves Ligustrum Oleaceae [23] Aesculus hippocastanum barks Aesculus Sapindaceae [24] A. turbinata barks Aesculus Sapindaceae [25] Xanthoceras sorbifolium seeds Xanthoceras Sapindaceae [10] Jatropha cilliata leaves Jatropha Euphorbiaceae [14] J. unicostata leaves Jatropha Euphorbiaceae (26] J. podagrica stem barks Jatropha Euphorbiaceae [27] Euphorbia soongarica roots Euphorbia Euphorbiaceae [8] Citrus grandis peels Citrus Rutaceae [28] Haplophyllum obtusifolium epigeal parts Haplophyllum Rutaceae [29] Angelica tenuissima roots Angelica Apiaceae [30] Heracleum persicum roots Heracleum Apiaceae [31] Pterocaulon angustifolium aerial parts Pterocaulon Asteraceae [32] Rantherium suaveolens aerial parts Rantherium Asteraceae [33] Embelica basaal roots Embelica Primulaceae [34] E. ribes stems Embelica Primulaceae [34] Lawsonia inermis whole plant Lawsonia Lythraceae [35,36] Rhododendron tomentosum a (Syn. Ledum palustre) Rhododendron Ericaceae [37] Sarcandra glabra roots Sarcandra Chloranthaceae [38] Actinidia chinensis a Actinidia Actinidiaceae [39] Bombax ceiba flower Bombax Bombacaceae [40] E. hirsuta whole plant Echites Apocynaceae ...…”

Supercritical CO2 assisted extraction of essential oil and naringin from Citrus grandis peel: in vitro antimicrobial activity and docking study

“…Su et al extracted 45 organic compounds from ve different pomelo cultivars using the supercritical CO 2 method. 11 Moreover, the supercritical CO 2 technique has been effectively used for the extraction of essential oils and naringin from other genus citrus. [12][13][14][15] The content of naringin obtained in orange, tangerine and lemon peel extracts using the supercritical CO 2 technique was determined to be 35.26, 44.05 and 19.86 mg g À1 , respectively.…”